1 Peter 2:17

Commentary on 1 Peter 2:17 (KJV)

1 Peter 2:17 presents four concise yet profound commands that serve as pillars for Christian conduct in society. Written by the Apostle Peter to believers scattered throughout Asia Minor, this verse encapsulates essential principles for living faithfully amidst a non-Christian world, often one that was hostile or suspicious towards followers of Christ.

Context

This verse is part of a larger section (1 Peter 2:11-17) where Peter exhorts believers to live exemplary lives among unbelievers. He encourages them to abstain from fleshly lusts and to maintain good conduct, so that even those who slander them might, by observing their good works, glorify God. Specifically, verses 13-16 call for submission to human authorities, whether the emperor or governors, for the Lord's sake, emphasizing that such submission is an act of freedom, not bondage. Verse 17 then distills these broader principles into four actionable directives, guiding the early church on how to navigate their complex social and political environment under the Roman Empire.

Key Themes

• Universal Respect for Humanity: The command to "Honour all [men]" stresses a fundamental Christian ethic of valuing every individual, regardless of their social standing, beliefs, or actions. It calls for a recognition of the inherent dignity of all people as created in God's image.
• Brotherly Love within the Church: "Love the brotherhood" shifts focus to the specific, deep, and sacrificial love (agape love) that should characterize the community of believers. This familial bond is vital for unity, mutual support, and witness.
• Reverential Awe of God: "Fear God" is the foundational command. It signifies not terror, but profound reverence, awe, and submission to God's ultimate authority and holiness. This spiritual posture underpins all other commands, as it is out of a proper relationship with God that one can truly honor others and authorities. As Ecclesiastes 12:13 states, fearing God and keeping His commandments is the whole duty of man.
• Respect for Civil Authority: "Honour the king" reinforces the earlier instruction to submit to governing powers. Even if the ruler is pagan or unjust, Christians are called to show respect and obedience to the established authorities, recognizing their God-ordained role in maintaining order. This aligns with Paul's teaching in Romans 13:1, that all authority comes from God.

Linguistic Insights

The Greek word for "Honour" (timáō) means to value, hold in high esteem, or show respect. It is used twice in this verse, first for all humanity and then specifically for the king, indicating a respectful recognition of their position or inherent worth. "Love" (agapáō) refers to a selfless, unconditional love, distinct from mere affection, which is to be extended specifically to the "brotherhood" (adelphotēs), meaning the community of fellow believers. The term "Fear God" (phobéō) in this context denotes a profound reverence and awe, acknowledging God's sovereignty and holiness, rather than a servile dread.

Practical Application

1 Peter 2:17 offers timeless guidance for believers in any era. It calls Christians to a balanced and distinctive way of life:

• Engage Respectfully with Society: We are to treat all people with dignity and respect, regardless of their background, status, or personal beliefs. This universal honor fosters peace and provides a powerful witness.
• Cherish the Christian Community: Within the church, a special, deep love and unity should prevail. This internal bond strengthens believers and demonstrates the transforming power of Christ to the world.
• Prioritize God Above All: Our ultimate allegiance and reverence belong to God alone. This foundational fear of God provides the moral compass and spiritual strength to fulfill the other commands faithfully.
• Fulfill Civic Duties: Christians are called to be good citizens, showing respect for governing authorities and obeying laws, unless they contradict God's direct commands. This demonstrates our commitment to peace and order in society.

This verse serves as a powerful reminder that Christian living involves both outward respect for all people and institutions, combined with an inward, profound love for fellow believers and an ultimate, reverential fear of God.