What number verse is 1 Kings 7:31 in the Bible?

1 Kings 7:31 is the 8,966th verse of the Bible. Counting straight through the King James canon — all 31,102 verses from Genesis 1:1 to Revelation 22:21 — 1 Kings 7:31 sits at position 8,966.

Translation

King James Version

And the mouth of it within the chapiter and above was a cubit: but the mouth thereof was round after the work of the base, a cubit and an half: and also upon the mouth of it were gravings with their borders, foursquare, not round.

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KJV (with Strong's)

And the mouth ^H6310 of it within ^H1004 the chapiter ^H3805 and above ^H4605 was a cubit ^H520: but the mouth ^H6310 thereof was round ^H5696 after the work ^H4639 of the base ^H3653, a cubit ^H520 and an half ^H2677: and also upon the mouth ^H6310 of it were gravings ^H4734 with their borders ^H4526, foursquare ^H7251, not round ^H5696.

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Complete Jewish Bible

The opening of the stand into which the basin was inserted was eighteen inches high; the stand was round, resembling a pedestal, and it was two-and-a-half feet in diameter. On the stand were carvings, and the outside was square, not round.

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Berean Standard Bible

The opening to each stand inside the crown at the top was one cubit deep, with a round opening like the design of a pedestal, a cubit and a half wide. And around its opening were engravings, but the panels of the stands were square, not round.

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American Standard Version

And the mouth of it within the capital and above was a cubit: and the mouth thereof was round after the work of a pedestal, a cubit and a half; and also upon the mouth of it were gravings, and their panels were foursquare, not round.

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World English Bible Messianic

The mouth of it within the capital and above was a cubit: and its mouth was round after the work of a pedestal, a cubit and a half; and also on its mouth were engravings, and their panels were square, not round.

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Geneva Bible (1599)

And the mouth of it was within the chapiter and aboue to measure by the cubite: for the mouth thereof was round made like a base, and it was a cubite and halfe a cubite: and also vpon the mouth thereof were grauen workes, whose borders were foure square, and not round.

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Young's Literal Translation

And its mouth within the chapiter and above is by the cubit, and its mouth is round, the work of the base, a cubit and half a cubit; and also on its mouth are carvings and their borders, square, not round.

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In the KJVVerse 8,966 of 31,102

Study This Verse

SUMMARY

1 Kings 7:31 provides an exceptionally precise and technical description of the "mouth" or opening of the ten bronze lavers, which were integral components of King Solomon's Temple. This verse meticulously details the varying dimensions, shapes (both round and foursquare), and decorative "gravings" of these openings. It underscores the extraordinary meticulousness and artistry invested in every element of the sacred Temple furnishings, highlighting the divine emphasis on order, beauty, and functional precision in the sacred space dedicated to Yahweh.

CONTEXT

Literary Context: This verse is embedded within a lengthy and highly detailed architectural account of Solomon's construction projects, specifically focusing on the Temple and its furnishings (1 Kings 6-7). Following the completion of the Temple structure itself, chapter 7 meticulously describes the various bronze vessels and implements crafted by Hiram of Tyre. Verses 27-39 are dedicated entirely to the ten movable bronze stands (bases) and the lavers (basins) that rested upon them. These lavers, along with the larger Molten Sea, were essential for the priests to perform ritual washings, ensuring purity before offering sacrifices and entering the holy areas. The granular detail in 1 Kings 7:31, specifying the dimensions and ornamentation of the lavers' openings, demonstrates the profound importance attached to every single item within the Temple complex, reflecting a divine blueprint for sacred service and worship.
Historical & Cultural Context: The construction of Solomon's Temple marked a pivotal moment in Israelite history, establishing a permanent dwelling place for God's presence among His people, a significant upgrade from the portable Tabernacle. This era, around the 10th century BCE, was a period of great wealth and political stability for Israel, allowing Solomon to undertake such a monumental and opulent building project. The use of highly skilled artisans, like Hiram of Tyre, was common in the ancient Near East for grand architectural endeavors, reflecting the advanced metallurgical and artistic capabilities of the time. The meticulous attention to detail, including specific measurements and decorative elements, was not merely aesthetic but deeply symbolic, indicating the sacredness of the space and the objects within it. Ritual purity, facilitated by these lavers, was a cornerstone of Israelite worship, rooted in the Mosaic Law and essential for maintaining a right relationship with a holy God, as seen in instructions for the Tabernacle laver.
Key Themes: The detailed description in 1 Kings 7:31 contributes to several overarching themes in the book of 1 Kings and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it highlights Meticulous Craftsmanship and Divine Order, emphasizing that God desires excellence and precision in all matters pertaining to His worship. The specific measurements ("a cubit," "a cubit and an half") and geometric forms ("round," "foursquare") underscore a deliberate design, not left to human whim but guided by divine instruction, much like the detailed instructions for the Tabernacle. Secondly, the verse reinforces the theme of Sacred Space and Purity. The lavers were instruments of purification, and their intricate design underscores the sanctity of the Temple and the necessity of ritual cleanliness for those who served within it. Finally, the emphasis on the "gravings" and borders points to the theme of Beauty and Adornment in Worship, demonstrating that functionality was coupled with aesthetic splendor, reflecting the glory and majesty of the God being worshipped. This meticulous attention to detail is a recurring motif in the descriptions of sacred structures, from the Tabernacle to the New Jerusalem.

EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

Key Word Analysis

Mouth (Hebrew, peh', H6310): This term refers to an opening, edge, or entrance, often literal but also figurative. In 1 Kings 7:31, it specifically denotes the opening or rim of the laver, which served as its access point for water and for the priests' ritual washing. The detailed description of its dimensions and ornamentation emphasizes the significance of even the functional apertures within the sacred Temple vessels.
Chapiter (Hebrew, kôthereth', H3805): This word directly translates to "capital of a column" or "chapiter." In this context, it refers to the upper part or capital-like structure of the movable bronze base (מְכוֹנָה, mekhonah) upon which the laver rested. This "chapiter" was the elevated framework that supported the laver and encased its opening, indicating an ornate and structurally significant component of the overall assembly.
Gravings (Hebrew, miqlaʻath', H4734): This term signifies a sculpture, carving, or engraved work, likely in bas-relief. The presence of "gravings" on the "mouth" of the laver indicates that these functional vessels were not merely utilitarian but were also highly decorated with intricate designs. This highlights the artistic skill involved in their creation and the aesthetic value placed on every component of the Temple furnishings, signifying that beauty and intricate detail were considered appropriate for the sacred space.

Verse Breakdown

"And the mouth of it within the chapiter and above [was] a cubit:" This clause describes the vertical dimension or depth of the laver's opening as it was situated within the upper part (the "chapiter" or superstructure) of the bronze base. A "cubit" is an ancient unit of measurement, approximately 18-21 inches (45-53 cm). This dimension likely refers to the vertical extent of the opening or the space it occupied within the supporting structure, indicating a significant and well-defined access point.
"but the mouth thereof [was] round [after] the work of the base, a cubit and an half:" This part specifies the shape and diameter of the main opening of the laver itself. It was "round," consistent with the overall design of the base, and measured "a cubit and an half" across. This indicates a substantial opening, suggesting the lavers were considerable in size and capacity, necessary for the extensive washing rituals performed by the priests.
"and also upon the mouth of it [were] gravings with their borders, foursquare, not round." This final clause describes the decorative elements surrounding the round opening. While the opening itself was round, the "gravings" (ornamental carvings) and their "borders" were "foursquare." This detail reveals a sophisticated architectural design that incorporated contrasting geometric shapes—a round opening framed or adorned by square decorative elements. This juxtaposition of forms speaks to the complexity and artistic ingenuity employed in the Temple's construction, demonstrating a deliberate blend of functional and aesthetic considerations.

Literary Devices

The primary literary device at play in 1 Kings 7:31, and indeed throughout the detailed descriptions of the Temple, is Precision. The text meticulously enumerates specific measurements ("a cubit," "a cubit and an half") and geometric forms ("round," "foursquare"), leaving no ambiguity about the exact design. This precision serves to underscore the divine origin and sacredness of the Temple's blueprint, implying that every detail was divinely ordained and held significance. Furthermore, there is a clear element of Contrast in the description of the "mouth" being "round" while its "gravings with their borders" were "foursquare." This highlights the intricate and multi-faceted nature of the design, showcasing a sophisticated blend of forms rather than simple, uniform shapes. This artistic complexity can also be seen as a form of Symbolism, where the deliberate and harmonious combination of diverse elements reflects the order, beauty, and multifaceted glory of God, for whom the Temple was built. The detailed enumeration itself functions as a form of Emphasis, drawing the reader's attention to the extraordinary care and divine oversight involved in the construction of God's dwelling place.

THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS

The meticulous detail provided in 1 Kings 7:31, describing the dimensions, shapes, and ornamentation of the lavers' openings, transcends mere architectural specification. It profoundly communicates God's character and His expectations for worship. The divine insistence on such precision for even seemingly minor elements of the Temple furnishings reveals that God is a God of order, beauty, and excellence. He is not content with haphazard or half-hearted efforts in His service; rather, He desires that all things pertaining to His worship reflect His own perfection and glory. This attention to detail underscores the sanctity of the Temple as His dwelling place and the seriousness of the priestly service performed there, particularly the rituals of purification. It teaches us that true reverence involves giving our best, not just in grand gestures but in every small detail, recognizing that all aspects of our lives and worship are to be consecrated to Him.

REFLECTION AND APPLICATION

While 1 Kings 7:31 might initially appear as a dry, technical passage, its inclusion in the inspired Word of God invites us to profound reflection. The exhaustive detail given to the Temple's furnishings, even down to the specific dimensions and decorative elements of a laver's opening, serves as a powerful reminder of God's profound care for order, beauty, and excellence in all things, especially in matters pertaining to His worship. This passage challenges us to consider the quality and intentionality we bring to our own spiritual lives and service. Are we content with mediocrity, or do we strive for excellence in our devotion, our discipleship, and our contributions to the body of Christ? Just as every part of the physical Temple was designed with meticulous care to reflect God's glory, so too should our lives, as spiritual temples, be built with diligence, precision, and a commitment to honoring God in every detail, recognizing that our God is worthy of our very best. This pursuit of excellence is not for our own glory, but to magnify the One who is infinitely glorious.

Questions for Reflection

How does the meticulous detail in this verse challenge your understanding of God's character and His expectations for worship?
In what areas of your life, particularly your spiritual disciplines or service, might you be called to greater intentionality and excellence, mirroring the precision seen in the Temple's construction?
How can appreciating the beauty and order of the Temple's design deepen your reverence for God and inspire you to cultivate beauty and order in your own "spiritual house"?

FAQ

Why does the Bible include such technical and seemingly minor details about the Temple's architecture?

Answer: The inclusion of such minute details, like those in 1 Kings 7:31, serves several crucial purposes. Firstly, it underscores the divine origin of the Temple's design. God provided specific instructions for its construction, much like the Tabernacle, indicating that every element was part of a sacred blueprint, not merely human invention. This emphasizes God's meticulous nature and His desire for order and perfection in His dwelling place and in the worship offered to Him. Secondly, these details highlight the immense value and sacredness attributed to every component of the Temple. Nothing was considered insignificant when it came to the house of God. Finally, the precision demonstrates the extraordinary craftsmanship and resources dedicated to this monumental project, reflecting the glory and majesty of the God being worshipped, as seen throughout the descriptions of the Temple's construction.

What is the significance of the "mouth" being both "round" and having "foursquare" borders?

Answer: This seemingly contradictory description ("round... foursquare, not round") highlights the sophisticated and complex architectural design of the lavers. It suggests that while the main opening of the laver itself was circular (round), the decorative "gravings" and their surrounding "borders" on the superstructure of the base were square. This juxtaposition of shapes demonstrates a high level of artistic skill and intentionality, showcasing the advanced craftsmanship of Hiram of Tyre and his artisans. Symbolically, the combination of roundness (often associated with wholeness, eternity, or divine perfection) and foursquare (representing stability, completeness, or the four corners of the earth) could signify the comprehensive and stable nature of God's presence and the worship offered in the Temple. It speaks to the beauty and intricacy that God desired for His sacred space, a reflection of His own boundless creativity and order.

CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT

The detailed description of the Temple's lavers in 1 Kings 7:31, with their precise dimensions and intricate design, foreshadows the ultimate and perfect provision for cleansing found in Jesus Christ. The physical Temple, with its elaborate furnishings and rituals, served as a shadow of greater spiritual realities to come, as articulated in the New Testament (Hebrews 10:1). The lavers were essential for the priests to maintain ritual purity, symbolizing the ongoing need for cleansing before approaching a holy God. However, this cleansing was temporary and had to be repeated, a constant reminder of humanity's sinfulness. In Christ, we find the definitive and eternal purification. He is the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world, whose single, perfect sacrifice on the cross provides a cleansing that is complete and everlasting (Hebrews 9:11-14). The meticulous craftsmanship of the Temple, reflecting God's desire for perfection, points to the flawless and divinely orchestrated work of redemption accomplished by Jesus. He is the true Temple, the place where God fully dwells among humanity (John 2:19-21), and through Him, we are made truly clean, not by ritual washings, but by His precious blood, enabling us to draw near to God with confidence and boldness (Hebrews 10:19-22). The temporary and symbolic cleansing of the lavers finds its eternal reality in the once-for-all work of Christ, who perfectly fulfills all the shadows of the Old Covenant.

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Commentary on 1 Kings 7 verses 13–47

13 ¶ And king Solomon sent and fetched Hiram out of Tyre.

14 He was a widow's son of the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a worker in brass: and he was filled with wisdom, and understanding, and cunning to work all works in brass. And he came to king Solomon, and wrought all his work.

15 For he cast two pillars of brass, of eighteen cubits high apiece: and a line of twelve cubits did compass either of them about.

16 And he made two chapiters of molten brass, to set upon the tops of the pillars: the height of the one chapiter was five cubits, and the height of the other chapiter was five cubits:

17 And nets of checker work, and wreaths of chain work, for the chapiters which were upon the top of the pillars; seven for the one chapiter, and seven for the other chapiter.

18 And he made the pillars, and two rows round about upon the one network, to cover the chapiters that were upon the top, with pomegranates: and so did he for the other chapiter.

19 And the chapiters that were upon the top of the pillars were of lily work in the porch, four cubits.

20 And the chapiters upon the two pillars had pomegranates also above, over against the belly which was by the network: and the pomegranates were two hundred in rows round about upon the other chapiter.

21 And he set up the pillars in the porch of the temple: and he set up the right pillar, and called the name thereof Jachin: and he set up the left pillar, and called the name thereof Boaz.

22 And upon the top of the pillars was lily work: so was the work of the pillars finished.

23 And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one brim to the other: it was round all about, and his height was five cubits: and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about.

24 And under the brim of it round about there were knops compassing it, ten in a cubit, compassing the sea round about: the knops were cast in two rows, when it was cast.

25 It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east: and the sea was set above upon them, and all their hinder parts were inward.

26 And it was an hand breadth thick, and the brim thereof was wrought like the brim of a cup, with flowers of lilies: it contained two thousand baths.

27 And he made ten bases of brass; four cubits was the length of one base, and four cubits the breadth thereof, and three cubits the height of it.

28 And the work of the bases was on this manner: they had borders, and the borders were between the ledges:

29 And on the borders that were between the ledges were lions, oxen, and cherubims: and upon the ledges there was a base above: and beneath the lions and oxen were certain additions made of thin work.

30 And every base had four brasen wheels, and plates of brass: and the four corners thereof had undersetters: under the laver were undersetters molten, at the side of every addition.

31 And the mouth of it within the chapiter and above was a cubit: but the mouth thereof was round after the work of the base, a cubit and an half: and also upon the mouth of it were gravings with their borders, foursquare, not round.

32 And under the borders were four wheels; and the axletrees of the wheels were joined to the base: and the height of a wheel was a cubit and half a cubit.

33 And the work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot wheel: their axletrees, and their naves, and their felloes, and their spokes, were all molten.

34 And there were four undersetters to the four corners of one base: and the undersetters were of the very base itself.

35 And in the top of the base was there a round compass of half a cubit high: and on the top of the base the ledges thereof and the borders thereof were of the same.

36 For on the plates of the ledges thereof, and on the borders thereof, he graved cherubims, lions, and palm trees, according to the proportion of every one, and additions round about.

37 After this manner he made the ten bases: all of them had one casting, one measure, and one size.

38 Then made he ten lavers of brass: one laver contained forty baths: and every laver was four cubits: and upon every one of the ten bases one laver.

39 And he put five bases on the right side of the house, and five on the left side of the house: and he set the sea on the right side of the house eastward over against the south.

40 And Hiram made the lavers, and the shovels, and the basons. So Hiram made an end of doing all the work that he made king Solomon for the house of the LORD:

41 The two pillars, and the two bowls of the chapiters that were on the top of the two pillars; and the two networks, to cover the two bowls of the chapiters which were upon the top of the pillars;

42 And four hundred pomegranates for the two networks, even two rows of pomegranates for one network, to cover the two bowls of the chapiters that were upon the pillars;

43 And the ten bases, and ten lavers on the bases;

44 And one sea, and twelve oxen under the sea;

45 And the pots, and the shovels, and the basons: and all these vessels, which Hiram made to king Solomon for the house of the LORD, were of bright brass.

46 In the plain of Jordan did the king cast them, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zarthan.

47 And Solomon left all the vessels unweighed, because they were exceeding many: neither was the weight of the brass found out.

I. II. Main points1. 2. Sub-points

We have here an account of the brass-work about the temple. There was no iron about the temple, though we find David preparing for the temple iron for things of iron, Ch1 29:2. What those things were we are not told, but some of the things of brass are here described and the rest mentioned.

I. The brasier whom Solomon employed to preside in this part of the work was Hiram, or Huram (Ch2 4:11), who was by his mother's side an Israelite, of the tribe of Naphtali, by his father's side a man of Tyre, Kg1 7:14. If he had the ingenuity of a Tyrian, and the affection of an Israelite to the house of God (the head of a Tyrian and the heart of an Israelite), it was happy that the blood of the two nations mixed in him, for thereby he was qualified for the work to which he was designed. As the tabernacle was built with the wealth of Egypt, so the temple with the wit of Tyre. God will serve himself by the common gifts of the children of men.

II. The brass he made use of was the best he could get. All the brazen vessels were of bright brass (Kg1 7:45), good brass, so the Chaldee, that which was strongest and looked finest. God, who is the best, must be served and honoured with the best.

III. The place where all the brazen vessels were cast was the plain of Jordan, because the ground there was stiff and clayey, fit to make moulds of for the casting of the brass (Kg1 7:46), and Solomon would not have this dirty smoky work done in or near Jerusalem.

IV. The quantity was not accounted for. The vessels were unnumbered (so it may be read, Kg1 7:47, as well as unweighed), because they were exceedingly numerous, and it would have been an endless thing to keep the account of them; neither was the weight of the brass, when it was delivered to the workmen, searched or enquired into; so honest were the workmen, and such great plenty of brass they had, that there was no danger of wanting. We must ascribe it to Solomon's care that he provided so much, not to his carelessness that he kept no account of it.

V. Some particulars of the brass-work are described.

1.Two brazen pillars, which were set up in the porch of the temple (Kg1 7:21), whether under the cover of the porch or in the open air is not certain; it was between the temple and the court of the priests. These pillars were neither to hang gates upon nor to rest any building upon, but purely for ornament and significancy. (1.) What an ornament they were we may gather from the account here given of the curious work that was about them, chequer-work, chain-work, net-work, lily-work, and pomegranates in rows, and all of bright brass, and framed no doubt according to the best rules of proportion, to please the eye. (2.) Their significancy is intimated in the names given them (Kg1 7:21): Jachin - he will establish; and Boaz - in him is strength. Some think they were intended for memorials of the pillar of cloud and fire which led Israel through the wilderness: I rather think them designed for memorandums to the priests and others that came to worship at God's door, [1.] To depend upon God only, and not upon any sufficiency of their own, for strength and establishment in all their religious exercises. When we come to wait upon God, and find our hearts wandering and unfixed, then by faith let us fetch in help from heaven: Jachin - God will fix this roving mind. It is a good thing that the heart be established with grace. We find ourselves weak and unable for holy duties, but this is our encouragement: Boaz - in him is our strength, who works in us both to will and to do. I will go in the strength of the Lord God. Spiritual strength and stability are to be had at the door of God's temple, where we must wait for the gifts of grace in the use of the means of grace. [2.] It was a memorandum to them of the strength and establishment of the temple of God among them. Let them keep close to God and duty, and they should never lose their dignities and privileges, but the grant should be confirmed and perpetuated to them. The gospel church is what God will establish, what he will strengthen, and what the gates of hell can never prevail against. But, with respect to this temple, when it was destroyed particular notice was taken of the destroying of these pillars (Kg2 25:13, Kg2 25:17), which had been the tokens of its establishment, and would have been so if they had not forsaken God.

2.A brazen sea, a very large vessel, above five yards in diameter, and which contained above 500 barrels of water for the priests' use, in washing themselves and the sacrifices, and keeping the courts of the temple clean, Kg1 7:23, etc. It stood raised upon the figures of twelve oxen in brass, so high that either they must have stairs to climb up to it or cocks at the bottom to draw water from it. The Gibeonites, or Nethinim, who were to draw water for the house of God, had the care of filling it. Some think Solomon made the images of oxen to support this great cistern in contempt of the golden calf which Israel had worshipped, that (as bishop Patrick expresses it) the people might see there was nothing worthy of adoration in those figures; they were fitter to make posts of than to make gods of. Yet this prevailed not to prevent Jerusalem's setting up the calves for deities. In the court of the tabernacle there was only a laver of brass provided to wash in, but in the court of the temple a sea of brass, intimating that by the gospel of Christ much fuller preparation is made for our cleansing than was by the law of Moses. That had a laver, this has a sea, a fountain opened, Zac 13:1.

3.Ten bases, or stands, or settles, of brass, on which were put ten lavers, to be filled with water for the service of the temple, because there would not be room at the molten sea for all that had occasion to wash there. The bases on which the lavers were fixed are very largely described here, Kg1 7:27, etc. They were curiously adorned and set upon wheels, that the lavers might be removed as there was occasion; but ordinarily they stood in two rows, five on one side of the court and five on the other, Kg1 7:39. Each laver contained forty baths, that is, about ten barrels, Kg1 7:38. Those must be very clean that bear the vessels of the Lord. Spiritual priests and spiritual sacrifices must be washed in the laver of Christ's blood and of regeneration. We must wash often, for we daily contract pollution, must cleanse our hands and purify our hearts. Plentiful provision is made for our cleansing; so that if we have our lot for ever among the unclean it will be our own fault.

4.Besides these, there was a vast number of brass pots made to boil the flesh of the peace-offerings in, which the priests and offerers were to feast upon before the Lord (see Sa1 2:14); also shovels, wherewith they took out the ashes of the altar. Some think the word signifies flesh-hooks, with which they took meat out of the pot. The basins also were made of brass, to receive the blood of the sacrifices. These are put for all the utensils of the brazen altar, Exo 38:3. While they were about it they made abundance of them, that they might have a good stock by them when those that were first in use wore out and went to decay. Thus Solomon, having wherewithal to do so, provided for posterity.

Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 13–47. Public domain.

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BedeAD 735

Of the Temple of Solomon 2.20.9

The mouth of the laver was one cubit on account of the unity of confession and faith because we are all baptized in the confession of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, as the apostle says: “One Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all.” And the mouth itself was at the top of the capital to teach that the way to the heavenly kingdom had been opened to us through baptism. But the actual laver was a cubit and a half in size, in view, no doubt, of the perfection of good works and the beginning of contemplation. For the whole cubit in the laver denotes the perfection of good works.

Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.

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