1 Kings 12:6

KJV

And king Rehoboam consulted with the old men, that stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived, and said, How do ye advise that I may answer this people?

KJV (with Strong's)

And king {H4428} Rehoboam {H7346} consulted {H3289} with the old men {H2205}, that stood {H5975} before {H6440} Solomon {H8010} his father {H1} while he yet lived {H2416}, and said {H559}, How do ye advise {H3289} that I may {H7725} answer {H1697} this people {H5971}?

Complete Jewish Bible

King Rechav'am consulted the older men who had been in attendance on Shlomo his father during his lifetime and asked, "What advice would you give me as to how to answer these people?"

Berean Standard Bible

Then King Rehoboam consulted with the elders who had served his father Solomon during his lifetime. “How do you advise me to respond to these people?” he asked.

American Standard Version

And king Rehoboam took counsel with the old men, that had stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived, saying, What counsel give ye me to return answer to this people?

Commentary

### SUMMARY
1 Kings 12:6 captures the critical juncture at which King Rehoboam, newly ascended to the throne of Israel, faces his first major test of leadership. Confronted by a unified demand from the people to alleviate the heavy burdens imposed by his father, Solomon, Rehoboam wisely initiates a process of seeking counsel, turning first to the seasoned advisors who had served in Solomon's court. This moment sets the stage for a pivotal decision that will determine the future unity and stability of the Israelite kingdom.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse immediately follows the account of Solomon's death and burial in Jerusalem, marking the transition of power to his son, Rehoboam, as detailed in [1 Kings 11:43](/1_kings/11-43 "1 Kings 11:43 - Solomon's Death"). The narrative then shifts to Shechem, where "all Israel" had gathered to make Rehoboam king, indicating a customary public affirmation of the new monarch. However, the people, represented by Jeroboam and the assembly, did not offer unconditional allegiance. Instead, they presented a unified and urgent petition: "Your father made our yoke heavy; now therefore lighten the hard service of your father and his heavy yoke which he put on us, and we will serve you" ([1 Kings 12:4](/1_kings/12-4 "1 Kings 12:4 - The People's Demand")). Rehoboam's response to this demand, beginning with his consultation in verse 6, is the central conflict that drives the narrative forward, leading directly to the tragic division of the kingdom. The literary structure emphasizes the weight of this decision, as Rehoboam's initial, prudent step of seeking counsel is soon contrasted with his later, disastrous choice.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Following the immense building projects and administrative expansion of Solomon's reign, the people of Israel, particularly the northern tribes, had endured significant burdens of forced labor (corvée) and heavy taxation, as indicated in [1 Kings 11:28](/1_kings/11-28 "1 Kings 11:28 - Jeroboam's Rise"). While these measures contributed to the kingdom's splendor and infrastructure, they also fostered deep resentment, especially among those who felt disproportionately affected. Shechem, located in the territory of Ephraim, was a historically significant site for Israelite assemblies and covenants, making it a natural place for the tribes to gather to confirm a new king and voice their grievances, as seen in earlier covenants like [Joshua 24](/joshua/24 "Joshua 24 - Covenant Renewal at Shechem"). The "old men" Rehoboam consulted were not merely elderly individuals but likely a council of experienced, high-ranking officials and elders who had served Solomon throughout his long reign. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, the counsel of elders was highly valued, embodying wisdom, institutional memory, and a deep understanding of traditional laws and customs, often seen as a reflection of divine wisdom, as emphasized in [Proverbs 16:31](/proverbs/16-31 "Proverbs 16:31 - The Crown of Old Age").
* **Key Themes:** The passage powerfully introduces several key themes that resonate throughout the book of Kings and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it highlights the theme of **leadership and responsibility**, as Rehoboam is immediately confronted with the immense weight of governing a diverse and burdened people. His initial action of seeking counsel underscores the importance of **wisdom in decision-making**, a theme frequently explored in the wisdom literature, particularly in [Proverbs](/proverbs/1 "The Book of Proverbs - Wisdom for Life"). The contrast between the counsel of the old men and the young men further develops the theme of **discerning good counsel**, emphasizing that not all advice is equally beneficial, and true wisdom often comes from experience and a long-term perspective. Finally, the looming threat of the kingdom's division, foreshadowed by the people's demands and Rehoboam's subsequent actions, introduces the overarching theme of **consequences of disobedience and poor leadership**, setting the stage for the tragic schism that dramatically reshapes Israel's history, as ultimately detailed in [1 Kings 12:19](/1_kings/12-19 "1 Kings 12:19 - The Division of the Kingdom").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Consulted (Hebrew, _ya'ats'_):** The Hebrew verb יָעַץ (_ya'ats_) signifies "to advise, counsel, deliberate, or consult." Its use here indicates that Rehoboam did not make an immediate, impulsive decision. Instead, he engaged in a formal process of seeking guidance and opinion from trusted advisors. This initial action reveals a degree of prudence and an understanding of the gravity of the situation, suggesting an awareness that a significant decision required careful deliberation rather than autocratic decree.
* **Old men (Hebrew, _z'qenim'_):** The term זְקֵנִים (_z'qenim_) refers to elders or old men. In ancient Israelite society, "old men" were not merely defined by age but by their accumulated wisdom, experience, and often their official roles as advisors or leaders within the community. They represented the institutional memory of the kingdom, having served Solomon throughout his reign, and thus possessed an intimate understanding of the kingdom's affairs, the people's temperament, and the intricacies of statecraft. Their counsel would typically be grounded in established tradition and practical experience.
* **Advise (Hebrew, _ya'ats'_):** The repetition of the verb יָעַץ (_ya'ats_) in "How do ye advise" reinforces the nature of Rehoboam's inquiry. He is not asking for a simple answer but for a well-reasoned strategy or policy. This highlights the expectation that the "old men" would provide not just an opinion, but a comprehensive and actionable counsel, based on their deep understanding of the political and social landscape. The question itself underscores the king's need for a diplomatic and effective response to a highly volatile situation.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And king Rehoboam consulted with the old men,"**: This opening clause establishes Rehoboam's initial, commendable action. Faced with a momentous decision concerning the future of the united kingdom, he does not rely solely on his own judgment or youthful impulsiveness. Instead, he actively seeks the wisdom of those who possess experience and a proven track record in governance. This act of "consulting" (יָעַץ, _ya'ats_) indicates a deliberate and formal process of seeking counsel, recognizing the gravity of the people's demands.
* **"that stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived,"**: This descriptive phrase qualifies the "old men," emphasizing their unique and invaluable position. They were not just any elders, but those who had served directly in the court of King Solomon. This means they had firsthand experience with Solomon's policies, the administration of his kingdom, and the consequences of his actions, including the very burdens the people were now protesting. Their counsel would therefore be rooted in practical knowledge of the kingdom's affairs and the people's disposition, making their advice particularly weighty and relevant.
* **"and said, How do ye advise that I may answer this people?"**: Rehoboam's direct question reveals the core of his dilemma. He is not asking *whether* to answer, but *how* to answer. This implies a recognition of the need for a strategic and diplomatic response. The phrase "this people" subtly hints at the collective power and unified voice of the Israelite assembly, underscoring the political pressure Rehoboam was under. His request for advice on "how" to answer suggests a desire for a solution that would appease the people and secure his reign, though his later actions would tragically contradict this initial prudence.

#### Literary Devices
The passage employs several potent literary devices. **Characterization** is immediately evident, as Rehoboam is initially portrayed as a prudent leader, willing to seek counsel, which contrasts sharply with his later impulsive and arrogant decision-making. This initial wisdom serves as **foreshadowing**, hinting at the critical choices he will make and the profound consequences that will follow. The act of consulting the "old men" who served Solomon also introduces an element of **irony**, as the very wisdom and experience that could have preserved the kingdom are ultimately rejected by Rehoboam, leading to its division. The narrative structure itself, presenting Rehoboam's consultation with two distinct groups of advisors, creates a **dramatic tension** that builds towards the climax of the kingdom's schism.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
1 Kings 12:6 serves as a profound case study in the biblical theology of leadership and the critical importance of seeking and heeding wise counsel. The initial act of Rehoboam consulting the "old men" reflects a principle deeply embedded in Israelite wisdom tradition: that true wisdom often resides with those who have accumulated experience and insight over time, often through a life lived in accordance with God's ways. This passage highlights that while a leader may possess authority, effective and righteous governance requires humility, discernment, and a willingness to listen to voices of seasoned wisdom, particularly when facing decisions of national consequence. The subsequent narrative, where Rehoboam rejects this sound advice, powerfully illustrates the catastrophic consequences of pride and foolishness in leadership, demonstrating how a single, ill-advised decision can unravel decades of unity and prosperity.

* [Proverbs 11:14](/proverbs/11-14 "Proverbs 11:14 - The Importance of Counsel")
* [Proverbs 15:22](/proverbs/15-22 "Proverbs 15:22 - Wisdom in Plans")
* [Proverbs 24:6](/proverbs/24-6 "Proverbs 24:6 - Counsel for Warfare")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Rehoboam's initial step of consulting the old men in 1 Kings 12:6 offers a timeless lesson for all believers, whether in positions of leadership or in daily life. It underscores the profound value of seeking counsel, especially from those who possess wisdom gained through experience and a deep understanding of biblical principles. In a world that often prizes innovation and youthful exuberance, this verse reminds us that there is an irreplaceable treasure in the insights of those who have "stood before Solomon," who have seen the long arc of consequences, and who can offer perspective rooted in tested truth. Our decisions, whether personal, familial, professional, or spiritual, carry weight, and the humility to solicit and truly listen to wise, godly counsel can often be the difference between flourishing and failure. It challenges us to identify and honor the "old men" and "old women" in our lives—mentors, elders, seasoned believers—and to actively seek their input before making significant choices, recognizing that their wisdom is a gift from God intended to guide and protect us.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **When facing significant decisions, to whom do you naturally turn for advice, and why?**
* **How do you discern between wise counsel and counsel that may seem appealing but lacks true wisdom?**
* **Can you recall a time when you received wise counsel that you initially resisted, but later realized its value?**
* **In what areas of your life might you benefit from actively seeking out the "old men" or "old women" of wisdom?**

### FAQ
**Why was it important for Rehoboam to consult the "old men" specifically?**

Answer: It was crucial for Rehoboam to consult the "old men" because they represented the institutional memory and practical wisdom of Solomon's long and prosperous reign. These advisors had firsthand experience with the kingdom's administration, the political climate, the people's temperament, and the precise policies that led to the current grievances regarding heavy burdens. Their counsel was rooted in tested experience and a deep understanding of the kingdom's inner workings, offering a perspective grounded in reality and long-term consequences. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, elders were highly respected as sources of wisdom and stability, embodying a continuity of tradition and insight that younger, less experienced advisors often lacked. Rehoboam's initial act of seeking their counsel demonstrated a degree of prudence and an understanding of the gravity of the situation, recognizing that a decision of such magnitude required seasoned input.

**What was the "yoke" the people complained about, and why was it so burdensome?**

Answer: The "yoke" the people complained about refers to the heavy burdens of forced labor (corvée) and taxation imposed by King Solomon during his reign. Solomon undertook massive building projects, including the Temple, his own palace, and various fortifications and cities throughout the kingdom, as described in [1 Kings 9:15-23](/1_kings/9-15 "1 Kings 9:15-23 - Solomon's Building Projects"). While these projects brought glory and infrastructure to Israel, they required immense resources and manpower. The people, particularly the northern tribes, felt the brunt of this burden through conscription for forced labor and heavy levies on their produce and wealth. This "yoke" was burdensome not only economically but also socially, as it likely disrupted family life and traditional agricultural practices, leading to deep-seated resentment and a sense of oppression that threatened the unity of the kingdom.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The narrative of Rehoboam's failed leadership in 1 Kings 12:6, particularly his eventual rejection of wise counsel, stands in stark contrast to the perfect wisdom and righteous reign of Jesus Christ. Rehoboam, a son of a king, was given the opportunity to lead God's people but ultimately chose self-interest and harshness, leading to division and suffering. In contrast, Jesus, the true Son of David and the King of Kings, embodies perfect wisdom from the Father. Unlike Rehoboam, who sought counsel but then rejected the path of compassion and service, Jesus came not to be served but to serve, and to give His life as a ransom for many ([Mark 10:45](/mark/10-45 "Mark 10:45 - The Son of Man Came to Serve")). He is the ultimate wise counselor, whose words are "spirit and life" ([John 6:63](/john/6-63 "John 6:63 - Words of Life")), and whose "yoke is easy and His burden is light" ([Matthew 11:30](/matthew/11-30 "Matthew 11:30 - My Yoke is Easy")). Where Rehoboam's pride fractured a kingdom, Christ's humility and sacrificial love unite a people from every tribe and nation into one body, the Church ([Ephesians 2:14-16](/ephesians/2-14 "Ephesians 2:14-16 - Christ Our Peace")). He is the Shepherd who truly cares for His flock, leading them with perfect wisdom and bearing their burdens, not imposing them, fulfilling the ultimate vision of a just and compassionate King that Rehoboam so tragically failed to be.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Job 32:7

I said, Days should speak, and multitude of years should teach wisdom.

Job 12:12

¶ With the ancient [is] wisdom; and in length of days understanding.

Proverbs 27:10

Thine own friend, and thy father's friend, forsake not; neither go into thy brother's house in the day of thy calamity: [for] better [is] a neighbour [that is] near than a brother far off.

2 Samuel 17:5

Then said Absalom, Call now Hushai the Archite also, and let us hear likewise what he saith.

2 Samuel 16:20

Then said Absalom to Ahithophel, Give counsel among you what we shall do.

Jeremiah 42:2

And said unto Jeremiah the prophet, Let, we beseech thee, our supplication be accepted before thee, and pray for us unto the LORD thy God, [even] for all this remnant; (for we are left [but] a few of many, as thine eyes do behold us:)

Jeremiah 42:5

Then they said to Jeremiah, The LORD be a true and faithful witness between us, if we do not even according to all things for the which the LORD thy God shall send thee to us.