1 Corinthians 8:4

KJV

¶ As concerning therefore the eating of those things that are offered in sacrifice unto idols, we know that an idol [is] nothing in the world, and that [there is] none other God but one.

KJV (with Strong's)

As concerning {G4012} therefore {G3767} the eating {G1035} of those things that are offered in sacrifice unto idols {G1494}, we know {G1492} that {G3754} an idol {G1497} is nothing {G3762} in {G1722} the world {G2889}, and {G2532} that {G3754} there is none {G3762} other {G2087} God {G2316} but {G1508} one {G1520}.

Complete Jewish Bible

So, as for eating food sacrificed to idols, we “know” that, as you say, “An idol has no real existence in the world, and there is only one God.”

Berean Standard Bible

So about eating food sacrificed to idols: We know that an idol is nothing at all in the world, and that there is no God but one.

American Standard Version

Concerning therefore the eating of things sacrificed to idols, we know that no idol is anything in the world, and that there is no God but one.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
1 Corinthians 8:4 serves as a foundational declaration in Paul's discourse on Christian liberty and conscience, asserting two fundamental truths: the absolute nullity of pagan idols and the singular, supreme reality of the one true God. This verse provides the theological bedrock for Paul's subsequent ethical instructions regarding the consumption of meat sacrificed to idols, emphasizing that for those who possess true spiritual knowledge, idols hold no inherent power or existence, and therefore, only the one God truly merits worship and allegiance.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is situated at the beginning of Paul's extended discussion (chapters 8-10) concerning the complex issue of eating meat offered to idols, a significant point of contention and division within the Corinthian church. Chapter 8 opens with the theme of knowledge versus love, immediately preceding this verse's theological assertion. Paul's argument progresses from the intellectual understanding of God's uniqueness and idols' nothingness (1 Corinthians 8:4-6) to the practical implications for those with a "weak conscience" (1 Corinthians 8:7-13). This theological foundation then underpins his broader principles of Christian liberty, self-denial for the sake of others, and avoiding idolatry (1 Corinthians 9-10), culminating in the famous exhortation to do all to the glory of God in [1 Corinthians 10:31](/1_corinthians/10-31 "1 Corinthians 10:31 - Do All to the Glory of God").
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The ancient city of Corinth was a vibrant, cosmopolitan hub, deeply steeped in Greco-Roman paganism. Temples dedicated to various deities, such as Aphrodite, Apollo, and Poseidon, dotted the urban landscape, and animal sacrifices were a ubiquitous part of religious, social, and civic life. Meat from these sacrifices was often sold in public markets, served at private banquets, or consumed during temple feasts. For new converts from paganism, the act of eating such meat could trigger deep-seated associations with idolatry, potentially compromising their nascent faith. Conversely, some "stronger" believers, confident in their understanding of God's sovereignty, saw no spiritual harm in consuming the meat itself, viewing idols as non-existent. This created a significant ethical dilemma, requiring Paul to provide guidance that balanced theological truth with pastoral sensitivity, particularly for those whose consciences were still developing, as discussed in [Romans 14](/romans/14 "Romans 14 - Principles of Christian Liberty").
* **Key Themes:** 1 Corinthians 8:4 contributes significantly to several overarching themes in Paul's letter. Firstly, it powerfully articulates **Absolute Monotheism**, reiterating the fundamental Old Testament truth that there is only one true God, a concept central to both Jewish and Christian theology, echoing the [Shema of Deuteronomy 6:4](/deuteronomy/6-4 "Deuteronomy 6:4 - The Shema: Hear, O Israel"). Secondly, it establishes the **Nullity of Idols**, declaring them to be "nothing in the world," meaning they possess no inherent spiritual power, divine existence, or genuine opposition to God. This theological reality liberates believers from fear of pagan deities. Thirdly, while not fully developed in this single verse, it lays the intellectual groundwork for the crucial theme of **Knowledge vs. Love**, which Paul immediately introduces in [1 Corinthians 8:1](/1_corinthians/8-1 "1 Corinthians 8:1 - Knowledge Puffs Up, Love Builds Up"). The verse implies that while knowledge of God's singularity is vital, it must always be tempered and guided by love for one's fellow believers, especially those who might be spiritually vulnerable.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **eating (Greek, _brōsis'_):** From the base of *bibrōskō*, meaning "to eat." This term refers to the act of consuming food, specifically in this context, the practical act of partaking in meat that had been offered in pagan sacrifices. Paul's use of this word highlights the tangible, everyday dilemma faced by believers in Corinth, grounding the theological discussion in a concrete ethical issue.
* **idol (Greek, _eídōlon'_):** Derived from *eidos* (form, appearance), this word denotes an image or representation, particularly one used as an object of worship. By implication, it refers to a heathen god. Paul's emphatic declaration that an "idol is nothing" (G3762 *oudeis* + G1497 *eídōlon*) directly challenges the perceived reality and power of these pagan deities, asserting their utter non-existence and spiritual impotence.
* **one (Greek, _heîs'_):** A primary numeral signifying singularity and uniqueness. In this verse, *heîs Theos* ("one God") powerfully underscores the absolute monotheism that is the bedrock of biblical faith. It stands in stark contrast to the polytheistic worldview prevalent in Corinth, emphasizing the exclusive nature of the true God and negating the validity of any other supposed divine beings.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"As concerning therefore the eating of those things that are offered in sacrifice unto idols":** Paul introduces the specific practical issue at hand—the consumption of meat that has been consecrated to pagan deities. The phrase "offered in sacrifice unto idols" (G1494 *eidōlóthyton*) clearly identifies the subject as cultic meat, which was a common commodity in Corinthian markets and social settings. The "therefore" (G3767 *oûn*) indicates a logical progression from the introductory statement about knowledge in [1 Corinthians 8:1](/1_corinthians/8-1 "1 Corinthians 8:1 - Knowledge Puffs Up, Love Builds Up").
* **"we know that an idol is nothing in the world":** This clause presents the first of two foundational theological truths. The "we know" (G1492 *eídō*) signifies a shared understanding among mature believers. The emphatic declaration that "an idol is nothing" (G3762 *oudeís*) asserts the complete non-existence and powerlessness of the idol itself. It is not merely powerless, but literally "nothing" in terms of spiritual reality or divine essence. It is a mere object, devoid of any inherent spiritual force.
* **"and that there is none other God but one.":** This second clause provides the ultimate theological basis for the nullity of idols. It is a resounding affirmation of absolute monotheism. The phrase "none other God but one" (G3762 *oudeís* + G2087 *héteros* + G2316 *theós* + G1508 *ei mḗ* + G1520 *heîs*) unequivocally states that there is no other legitimate deity apart from the singular, unique God of Israel, the Creator and Sustainer of all things. This truth renders all pagan gods and their idols utterly meaningless.

#### Literary Devices
Paul employs several potent literary devices in 1 Corinthians 8:4 to convey his theological argument. The most prominent is **Assertion**, as he states two fundamental truths with absolute certainty: the non-existence of idols and the singularity of God. This direct and declarative language leaves no room for ambiguity. Closently related is **Contrast**, where Paul implicitly contrasts the multitude of pagan deities and their physical representations with the unique, solitary reality of the one true God. This contrast highlights the folly of idolatry against the backdrop of divine truth. Furthermore, the verse exhibits **Didacticism**, serving as a teaching statement that imparts essential theological knowledge to the Corinthian believers. It is a foundational premise upon which Paul builds his subsequent ethical instruction, guiding them toward a proper understanding of God and their relationship to the surrounding pagan culture.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
1 Corinthians 8:4 is a cornerstone of biblical monotheism, firmly establishing the singularity and supremacy of the one true God. This declaration is not merely an abstract theological point but has profound implications for Christian living, particularly in a pluralistic world. By asserting that "an idol is nothing in the world," Paul liberates believers from any fear of rival deities or spiritual powers associated with pagan worship, affirming God's absolute sovereignty over all creation. This truth empowers believers to live without compromise, understanding that true spiritual reality resides solely in the one God, and anything else claiming divine status is a mere illusion. This theological clarity then becomes the basis for ethical decision-making, emphasizing that while knowledge is important, it must always be exercised within the framework of love and consideration for others, especially those whose faith may be weaker or less informed.

* [Deuteronomy 6:4](/deuteronomy/6-4 "Deuteronomy 6:4 - The Shema: Hear, O Israel")
* [Isaiah 44:9-20](/isaiah/44-9-20 "Isaiah 44:9-20 - The Folly of Idolatry")
* [1 Corinthians 8:6](/1_corinthians/8-6 "1 Corinthians 8:6 - One God, One Lord")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
1 Corinthians 8:4 offers profound liberation and a clear call to singular devotion for believers today. In a world that constantly presents various "idols"—whether they be wealth, success, power, self-image, or even political ideologies—this verse reminds us that anything that attempts to usurp God's rightful place in our hearts and lives is ultimately "nothing." These earthly pursuits, while potentially having temporary value, possess no ultimate spiritual power, offer no true salvation, and cannot provide lasting satisfaction or security. Understanding that "there is none other God but one" should free us from the anxiety of seeking validation or fulfillment from these empty sources. It calls us to examine our own lives: What do we truly worship? What consumes our thoughts, time, and resources? This verse compels us to re-center our lives on the one true God, living with confidence in His absolute sovereignty and finding our ultimate purpose and identity in Him alone. It fosters a spirit of worship that is unburdened by fear of false gods and uncompromised by the allure of worldly idols.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of my life might I be giving undue importance or worship to "idols" that are ultimately nothing in the world?**
* **How does the knowledge that "there is none other God but one" impact my daily decisions, fears, and aspirations?**
* **How can I live out the truth of God's singularity in a way that is both firm in conviction and loving towards others who may hold different beliefs or struggle with spiritual compromises?**

### FAQ
**Why was eating meat offered to idols such a significant issue for the early church in Corinth?**

Answer: The issue was significant because it touched upon several sensitive areas for early Christians, particularly converts from paganism. In Corinth, meat from animal sacrifices was commonly sold in public markets or served at social gatherings, including those held in pagan temples. For some believers, especially those with a "weak conscience" or recent pagan backgrounds, eating such meat felt like a compromise with idolatry or a direct participation in pagan worship, even if they intellectually understood that idols were not real gods. It blurred the lines between their new faith and their former practices, potentially causing them to stumble or feel defiled, as discussed in [1 Corinthians 8:7](/1_corinthians/8-7 "1 Corinthians 8:7 - Conscience and Idols"). For others, who were "stronger" in their knowledge, they saw no harm in consuming the meat itself, knowing that idols were "nothing." Paul addresses this tension, emphasizing that while the meat itself was neutral, the impact on a fellow believer's conscience was paramount, as he elaborates throughout [1 Corinthians 8](/1_corinthians/8 "1 Corinthians 8 - Food Offered to Idols").

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While 1 Corinthians 8:4 primarily asserts the absolute monotheism of God the Father, it lays essential groundwork for a Christ-centered understanding of reality. The declaration that "there is none other God but one" is immediately qualified and expanded upon in [1 Corinthians 8:6](/1_corinthians/8-6 "1 Corinthians 8:6 - One God, One Lord"), where Paul clarifies this singular God as "the Father, of whom are all things, and we in him; and one Lord Jesus Christ, by whom are all things, and we by him." This reveals that the one true God is uniquely expressed and revealed in the person of Jesus Christ. Jesus, as the "one Lord," is the agent through whom all things were created and through whom humanity is reconciled to the Father ([Colossians 1:15-17](/colossians/1-15-17 "Colossians 1:15-17 - Christ's Supremacy")). Therefore, the "nothingness" of idols is not merely an abstract theological point but is powerfully demonstrated by Christ's triumph over all false powers and principalities ([Colossians 2:15](/colossians/2-15 "Colossians 2:15 - Triumph Over Principalities")). In Christ, the true God is made manifest, and through His atoning work, believers are liberated from the dominion of anything that would seek to usurp God's authority, including the spiritual emptiness that idols represent. Our freedom from idolatry is thus rooted in the supreme Lordship of Jesus Christ, who alone is worthy of all worship and devotion ([Philippians 2:9-11](/philippians/2-9-11 "Philippians 2:9-11 - Jesus' Exaltation")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Deuteronomy 4:39

Know therefore this day, and consider [it] in thine heart, that the LORD he [is] God in heaven above, and upon the earth beneath: [there is] none else.

Isaiah 41:24

Behold, ye [are] of nothing, and your work of nought: an abomination [is he that] chooseth you.

1 Timothy 2:5

For [there is] one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus;

Deuteronomy 6:4

¶ Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God [is] one LORD:

Ephesians 4:6

One God and Father of all, who [is] above all, and through all, and in you all.

1 Corinthians 10:19

What say I then? that the idol is any thing, or that which is offered in sacrifice to idols is any thing?

1 Corinthians 10:20

But [I say], that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to devils, and not to God: and I would not that ye should have fellowship with devils.