The Hebrew word Tammûwz, represented by H8542, refers to a Phoenician deity. Its derivation is uncertain. This name appears only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the entire Bible, marking its significance as a specific example of idolatry condemned in scripture.
The sole biblical appearance of H8542 is in the prophetic visions of Ezekiel. In a vision, the prophet is brought to the entrance of the LORD's temple and is shown a scene of profound apostasy: "at the door of the gate of the LORD'S house which was toward the north... there sat women weeping for Tammuz" Ezekiel 8:14. The context highlights this act as a grievous abomination taking place within the sacred precincts of God's own dwelling.
Several words from the surrounding verse provide critical context for the meaning of this event:
- H1058 bâkâh (to weep): This is the action associated with the worship of Tammuz. It describes a ritual lamentation or mourning, which contrasts sharply with the weeping of repentance seen elsewhere in scripture Joel 2:17.
- H802 'ishshâh (a woman): This word identifies the specific participants in the idolatrous ritual. Women are seen carrying out the weeping for this false god at the temple gate Ezekiel 8:14.
- H1004 bayith (a house): The location of this rite is the LORD's house Ezekiel 8:14, emphasizing the severity of the transgression. This word is foundational to Israel's identity, representing family, the nation, and the temple itself Joshua 24:15.
- H3427 yâshab (to sit down, dwell): The women were not merely passing by but were seated, indicating a settled and intentional act of worship. This root can also mean to dwell, underscoring the profane presence they had established at the temple Ezekiel 8:14.
The theological weight of H8542 is concentrated in its single, powerful appearance.
- Idolatry within a Sacred Space: The primary theological point is the defilement of God's temple. The worship of Tammuz at the very gate of the LORD's house demonstrates the depth of Israel's spiritual corruption Ezekiel 8:14.
- Misdirected Worship: The act of weeping, a profound expression of grief or repentance 2 Kings 22:19, is here directed toward a false deity. This ritual for Tammuz represents a perversion of true worship and emotion that rightfully belongs to the LORD alone.
- A Cause for Judgment: The vision of the women weeping for Tammuz is presented to Ezekiel as one of several "abominations" that provoked the LORD Ezekiel 8:14. It serves as a specific piece of evidence for why judgment was coming upon Jerusalem.
In summary, H8542 Tammûwz functions in scripture as a potent symbol of idolatry. Though mentioned only once, its context is stark and unforgettable. The image of women weeping for a pagan god at the gate of the LORD's house serves as a timeless warning against spiritual adultery and the defilement of what has been consecrated to God.
TRV