### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **tummâh**, represented by `{{H8538}}`, signifies **innocence** and **integrity**. It is a relatively rare term, appearing only **5 times** in **5 unique verses**. As the feminine form of תֹּם (tōm), it denotes a quality of moral completeness and steadfastness.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The use of `{{H8538}}` is concentrated in the book of Job, where it is a central theme. God himself commends Job for holding fast to his **integrity** in the face of suffering [[Job 2:3]]. Even when challenged by his wife to abandon his **integrity** [[Job 2:9]], Job refuses, declaring, "till I die I will not remove mine **integrity** from me" [[Job 27:5]]. He later calls for God to weigh him in an even balance to know his **integrity** [[Job 31:6]]. In Proverbs, this quality is shown as a guiding force: "The **integrity** of the upright shall guide them" [[Proverbs 11:3]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide deeper insight into the concept of integrity:
* `{{H8535}}` **tâm** (perfect, plain, undefiled, upright): The masculine root of **tummâh**, this term is used to describe Job as a "perfect" man, linking his character directly to the integrity he possesses ([[Job 1:1]], [[Job 2:3]]).
* `{{H3477}}` **yâshâr** (upright, right): Often used alongside **tâm**, this word describes someone who is morally straight or just. The **integrity** (tummâh) of the **upright** (yâshâr) guides them, showing the connection between a person's character and their moral compass [[Proverbs 11:3]].
* `{{H5558}}` **çeleph** (perverseness): This word stands in direct opposition to integrity. In Proverbs, the **integrity** of the upright is contrasted with the **perverseness** of transgressors, which leads to their destruction [[Proverbs 11:3]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H8538}}` is focused on character and faithfulness:
* **Integrity Under Trial:** The primary context in Job establishes **tummâh** as a quality that is tested by severe affliction. Job's refusal to abandon his **integrity** demonstrates a steadfastness that holds true even when everything else is lost ([[Job 2:9]], [[Job 27:5]]).
* **A Divine Standard:** God points to Job's **integrity** as a notable and commendable virtue [[Job 2:3]]. Job, in turn, appeals to his **integrity** as a matter to be judged by God, suggesting it is a recognizable standard of righteousness [[Job 31:6]].
* **Moral Guidance:** [[Proverbs 11:3]] frames **integrity** as an active, guiding principle. It is not merely a passive state of being but a force that directs the path of the upright, contrasting with the destructive nature of perverseness.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H8538}}` **tummâh** defines a resilient and tested **integrity**. Its use in scripture, particularly in the story of Job, highlights it as a core virtue that can be maintained through immense suffering. It is intrinsically linked to being **perfect** `{{H8535}}` and **upright** `{{H3477}}`, serving as a moral compass that guides the faithful. Ultimately, **tummâh** represents a profound moral completeness that is steadfast before both God and man.
TRV