### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **shâthath**, represented by `{{H8371}}`, is a primitive root meaning **to place, i.e. array; reflex. to lie; be laid, set**. Despite its specific meaning, it is a rare term, appearing only **2 times** across **2 unique verses** in the Bible. It describes both a deliberate act of setting something in place and a passive state of being laid down.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The two uses of `{{H8371}}` present a stark contrast. In [[Psalms 73:9]], it depicts the arrogance of the wicked, who "**set** their mouth against the heavens." Here, the word conveys an active, defiant placement. Conversely, in [[Psalms 49:14]], it describes the final, humbling fate of the proud, who "are **laid** in the grave" like sheep `{{H6629}}`. This usage illustrates a passive state, where individuals are placed in Sheol as their final destination.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words from its context help illuminate the themes of placement and finality:
* `{{H7585}}` **shᵉʼôwl** (grave): This is the destination where the proud are "laid" `{{H8371}}`. It is described as Hades or the world of the dead, a place where there is no work, device, knowledge, or wisdom [[Ecclesiastes 9:10]].
* `{{H6310}}` **peh** (mouth): This is the instrument that the wicked "set" against the heavens [[Psalms 73:9]]. While God can put His words in a person's mouth [[Jeremiah 1:9]], the wicked use theirs for rebellion.
* `{{H7287}}` **râdâh** (have dominion): This word contrasts the fate of the wicked with that of the righteous. While the proud are laid in the grave, the upright `{{H3477}}` "shall **have dominion** over them in the morning" [[Psalms 49:14]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H8371}}` lies in its ability to frame the consequences of human orientation toward God.
* **The Position of Pride:** The act of "setting" the mouth `{{H6310}}` against the heavens `{{H8064}}` is a picture of deliberate human rebellion. **Shâthath** captures the willful alignment of oneself in opposition to divine authority [[Psalms 73:9]].
* **The Destination of Mortality:** In contrast, the word also defines the ultimate end for those who trust in themselves. They are passively "laid" in the grave `{{H7585}}`, where death `{{H4194}}` shall feed on them and their beauty shall consume `{{H1086}}` [[Psalms 49:14]].
* **The Final Reversal:** The word helps establish a critical reversal of fortunes. Those who arrogantly "set" themselves up are ultimately "laid" low, while the upright `{{H3477}}`, who submit to God, are promised future dominion `{{H7287}}` over them.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H8371}}` is a concise but powerful word that carries a dual meaning of active placement and passive reception. It effectively portrays both the defiant posture of human pride against God and the inevitable, humbling reality of being laid in the grave. Through its two occurrences, **shâthath** draws a sharp line between the fate of the arrogant and the ultimate victory of the righteous.
TRV