The Aramaic word shêth, represented by H8353, is the term for six or sixth. It is a specific numerical designation that appears 2 times in 2 unique verses. Its usage is confined to historical narratives where precision in measurement or time is required.
In its biblical occurrences, H8353 is used to denote both a physical dimension and a point in time. In the book of Daniel, it is used to describe the breadth of the golden image Nebuchadnezzar erected, specifying its width as six cubits Daniel 3:1. In Ezra, the term is used as an ordinal number, marking the completion of the second temple on the third day of Adar in the sixth year of the reign of King Darius Ezra 6:15.
Several related Aramaic words appear in the same contexts, providing a fuller picture of the measurements and timelines involved:
- H6613 pᵉthay (breadth): This word for width is used directly alongside H8353 in describing the dimensions of Nebuchadnezzar's image Daniel 3:1. It is also used to specify the dimensions of the house of God in the decree by Cyrus Ezra 6:3.
- H8361 shittîyn (threescore): This term for sixty is a multiple of six. It is used in the same verse as H8353 to describe the height of the golden image as threescore cubits Daniel 3:1, and also appears in the temple decree dimensions Ezra 6:3.
- H8532 tᵉlâth (three or third): This word for three is used alongside H8353 in Ezra to mark the exact date of the temple's completion as the third day of the month in the sixth year Ezra 6:15.
The significance of H8353 is found in the contrasting contexts of its use.
- Defining Human Hubris: The number is used to precisely measure an object of idolatry. The dimensions of Nebuchadnezzar's golden image, including its six cubit breadth, are meticulously recorded, highlighting the calculated nature of this act of rebellion Daniel 3:1.
- Marking Divine Restoration: In contrast, the term sixth year is used to pinpoint the exact moment of the completion of God's house. It marks the fulfillment of a divine purpose and the restoration of proper worship in Jerusalem Ezra 6:15.
- Precision in Historical Record: The use of specific numbers like six in both Daniel and Ezra underscores the detailed and factual nature of the biblical account, whether recording the works of a pagan king or the rebuilding of the temple.
In summary, H8353 shêth is a simple but important numerical term. While appearing only twice, its usage provides precise details that carry significant weight. It is used to define the scale of a man-made idol in an act of defiance, and it is also used to mark the specific year that God's temple was finished, illustrating how the same numerical language can frame contexts of both human arrogance and divine fulfillment.
TRV