### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **sârûwq**, represented by `{{H8291}}`, refers to a **grapevine** or, more specifically, a **principal plant**. This term is exceptionally rare, appearing only **1 time** in **1 unique verse** in the entire Bible. Its singular use provides a very specific and potent image within its prophetic context.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole appearance of `{{H8291}}` is in [[Isaiah 16:8]], within a description of judgment and desolation. The passage states that "the lords of the heathen have broken down the **principal plants** thereof." This act of destruction is part of a wider collapse, where the fields of Heshbon languish and the vine of Sibmah fails. The targeting of these "principal plants" signifies the deliberate and thorough nature of the agricultural ruin being inflicted upon the land, extending to its most valuable cultivations.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words found in the same context help clarify the meaning of `{{H8291}}`:
* `{{H1612}}` **gephen** (a vine (as twining), especially the grape; vine, tree): This general term for "vine" is used in parallel with `{{H8291}}`, firmly setting the scene in a vineyard and indicating a broader agricultural disaster [[Isaiah 16:8]].
* `{{H1986}}` **hâlam** (to strike down; to hammer, stamp, conquer, disband; beat (down), break (down), overcome, smite (with the hammer)): This is the action performed upon the "principal plants." It denotes a violent and complete destruction, not just a simple decline [[Isaiah 16:8]].
* `{{H535}}` **ʼâmal** (to droop; by implication to be sick, to mourn; languish, be weak, wax feeble): This word describes the state of the surrounding fields and vines, providing the backdrop of decay and weakness against which the "principal plants" are broken down [[Isaiah 16:8]].
* `{{H7976}}` **shilluchâh** (a shoot; branch): Mentioned in the same verse, the "branches" of the vine illustrate the plant's former vitality and reach before its destruction [[Isaiah 16:8]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H8291}}` is derived entirely from its context of judgment in [[Isaiah 16:8]].
* **Symbol of Ruined Prosperity:** The destruction of the "principal plants" symbolizes the complete downfall of a nation's prosperity and sustenance. Breaking these choice vines represents the loss of the land's best resources under foreign conquest.
* **Tangible Judgment:** The verse depicts judgment not as an abstract concept but as a physical, agricultural devastation. The languishing fields `{{H7709}}` and broken plants `{{H8291}}` serve as a visible sign of divine displeasure and the consequences of sin.
* **Loss of the Best:** The specific term "principal plants" suggests that not just any vine, but the most prized and valuable ones, were destroyed. This emphasizes the totality and severity of the judgment, leaving nothing of value behind.
### Summary
In summary, while `{{H8291}}` is used only once, its meaning is clear and powerful. As "principal plant," it points to a choice or significant grapevine. Its sole biblical context in [[Isaiah 16:8]] uses it to paint a vivid picture of thorough judgment, where the destruction of the land's most valuable agricultural assets signifies a complete and devastating national loss.
TRV