a primitive root; to course (like a beast of prey); by implication, to seek greedily; have appetite, justle one against another, long, range, run (to and fro).
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **shâqaq**, represented by `{{H8264}}`, is a primitive root describing intense, greedy motion or desire. It appears **6 times** across **6 unique verses** in the Bible. The word's definition encompasses a range of actions: to course (like a beast of prey); by implication, to seek greedily; have appetite, justle one against another, long, range, run (to and fro).
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
Biblically, `{{H8264}}` is used to convey both physical action and internal state. It depicts chaotic, aggressive movement, as when chariots **justle one against another** in the streets [[Nahum 2:4]] or an invading force is described as those who **run to and fro** in the city [[Joel 2:9]]. The term is also applied to the predatory instinct of a wicked ruler, who is compared to a **ranging** bear [[Proverbs 28:15]]. In a more figurative sense, it illustrates a deep, unsatisfied need, such as when a thirsty man awakens from a dream and his soul **hath appetite** [[Isaiah 29:8]] or when the scripture speaks of a **longing** soul [[Psalms 107:9]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning of `{{H8264}}`:
* `{{H4944}}` **mashshâq** (running to and fro): This noun is derived from `{{H8264}}` and describes rapid motion. It is used in parallel with its root verb to describe the plundering of spoil like the **running to and fro** of locusts [[Isaiah 33:4]].
* `{{H7323}}` **rûwts** (to run): This verb often appears in contexts of urgent or swift movement. It is used alongside `{{H8264}}` to describe the speed of invading armies [[Joel 2:9]] and is also used to command clarity in a vision, "that he may **run** that readeth it" [[Habakkuk 2:2]].
* `{{H7646}}` **sâbaʻ** (to sate, i.e. fill to satisfaction): This word provides a direct contrast to the longing implied by `{{H8264}}`. It describes the divine provision that meets human need, as when God **satisfieth** the longing soul [[Psalms 107:9]].
### Theological Significance
The theological implications of `{{H8264}}` are significant, touching on themes of judgment, human need, and divine provision.
* **Imagery of Judgment:** The word's sense of chaotic, rushing movement is used to illustrate divine judgment. It describes the frantic motion of enemy chariots [[Nahum 2:4]] and the swarming of an invading army compared to locusts [[Joel 2:9]], portraying forces acting as instruments of discipline or destruction.
* **The Nature of Unsatisfied Desire:** `{{H8264}}` captures the essence of a deep, unfulfilled longing. This can be a predatory greed, like that of a wicked ruler [[Proverbs 28:15]], or the profound emptiness of a soul that dreams of satisfaction but awakens to find none [[Isaiah 29:8]].
* **God as the Ultimate Satisfaction:** The most powerful theological point emerges in contrast. The very "longing" (**shâqaq**) soul is the one that God **satisfieth** [[Psalms 107:9]]. This presents the restless, seeking nature of humanity as a condition that finds its ultimate answer and fulfillment only in God's goodness.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H8264}}` **shâqaq** is a dynamic verb that conveys more than simple movement. It captures a sense of frantic, greedy, and often chaotic energy. From the justling of war chariots and the predatory ranging of a bear to the deep, unsatisfied appetite of the human soul, the word paints a vivid picture of restlessness and need. Ultimately, its use in scripture highlights a profound truth: while the world is full of this restless running and longing, only God can satisfy the soul and bring its striving to an end.
TRV