The Hebrew word shâphâl, represented by H8217, describes something depressed, literally or figuratively. Derived from the root word H8213, it appears 19 times across 18 unique verses. Its meaning ranges from being physically low or lower to being figuratively humble or base.
In its figurative sense, H8217 often contrasts a state of humility with pride. A man's pride will bring him low, but the humble in spirit are upheld by honour Proverbs 29:23. God Himself, though high, has respect for the lowly Psalms 138:6 and dwells with those of a humble spirit Isaiah 57:15. The term can also denote a state of judgment or disgrace, as when priests are made base for their unfaithfulness Malachi 2:9, or when a nation is destined to become the basest of kingdoms Ezekiel 29:15. Literally, H8217 is used to describe a plague as being visually lower than the skin Leviticus 13:20, a vine of low stature Ezekiel 17:6, or the sound of grinding becoming low Ecclesiastes 12:4.
Several related words clarify the meaning and application of H8217:
- H8213 shâphêl (to depress or sink): This is the primitive root from which H8217 is derived, signifying the action of making something low. It is often used in direct parallel, where God will bring ... low H8213 the proud while exalting the low H8217 Ezekiel 17:24.
- H1364 gâbôahh (high, lofty, proud): This word serves as a direct antonym. Scripture frequently contrasts the proud H1364 whom God opposes with the lowly H8217 to whom He shows respect Psalms 138:6.
- H1793 dakkâʼ (contrite): This term is used alongside H8217 to describe a praiseworthy spiritual state. God promises to dwell with the one who is of a contrite H1793 and humble H8217 spirit in order to revive them Isaiah 57:15.
The theological weight of H8217 is significant, highlighting key aspects of God's character and actions.
- The Divine Reversal: A central theme involving H8217 is God's practice of overturning human hierarchies. He promises to "exalt him that is low, and abase him that is high" Ezekiel 21:26, and to set up on high those that be low Job 5:11.
- A Prerequisite for Fellowship: A humble state is presented as a condition for intimacy with God. The Lord, who is "high and lofty," specifically chooses to dwell with those who possess a contrite and humble spirit Isaiah 57:15.
- A Mark of Judgment: In a negative context, being made low or base is a consequence of disobedience. The kingdom of Egypt is prophesied to become the basest of kingdoms Ezekiel 29:15, and unfaithful priests are made base before the people Malachi 2:9.
In summary, H8217 is a multifaceted term that moves beyond a simple physical description of lowness. It encapsulates a profound spiritual dynamic, representing both the humble state that God honors and the base condition that results from judgment. The word is fundamental to the biblical principle that God opposes the proud and exalts the lowly, illustrating a core tenet of His relationship with humanity.
TRV