### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Aramaic word **shᵉphaṭ**, represented by `{{H8200}}`, corresponds to the Hebrew word for judge and specifically denotes a **magistrate**. This term is exceptionally rare, appearing only **1 time** in **1 unique verse** in the entire Bible. Its singular use points to a specific role in the administration of civil and religious law.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole appearance of `{{H8200}}` is in [[Ezra 7:25]]. In this verse, Ezra is commanded by the king to "set **magistrates** `{{H8200}}` and judges `{{H1782}}`" over the people living beyond the Euphrates River. The purpose of these appointed officials was to judge the people according to the laws of God. This highlights the establishment of a formal legal structure for the returned exiles, founded upon divine, not just royal, authority.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related Aramaic words provide a fuller context for the concept of law and judgment:
* `{{H1778}}` **dîyn** (to judge): This verb, corresponding to its Hebrew counterpart, is used in the same verse to describe the function of the magistrates, who "may **judge**" the people [[Ezra 7:25]].
* `{{H1782}}` **dayân** (judge): This noun appears alongside `{{H8200}}` in the command to appoint "magistrates and **judges**" [[Ezra 7:25]], indicating a distinct but related judicial office.
* `{{H1882}}` **dâth** (decree, law): This word defines the standard for judgment. The magistrates were to adjudicate based on the "**laws** of thy God," and this term is also used for the king's **law** [[Ezra 7:26]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H8200}}`, though based on a single verse, is noteworthy for its role in post-exilic community formation.
* **Delegated Divine Authority:** The appointment of magistrates is a human act, but it is to be done "after the wisdom of thy God" [[Ezra 7:25]]. This shows civil leadership operating under a divine mandate to implement justice.
* **Law as the Foundation of Society:** The primary role of the **magistrate** is to enforce the "laws of thy God" [[Ezra 7:25]], cementing the Torah as the legal and moral foundation for the restored community of Israel.
* **Judgment and Instruction:** The verse connects the act of judging with teaching, instructing that those who do not know the laws should be taught [[Ezra 7:25]]. This implies that the goal of the legal system was not merely punitive but also restorative and educational.
### Summary
In summary, **shᵉphaṭ** `{{H8200}}` provides a specific term for a **magistrate** tasked with upholding divine law. While it appears only once, its context in [[Ezra 7:25]] is crucial, illustrating the practical re-establishment of a society governed by God's commands. The word represents the formal system of justice necessary for the spiritual and civil restoration of Israel after the exile.
TRV