The Hebrew word ʼăshîyshâh, represented by H809, refers to something closely pressed together, such as a cake of raisins or a flagon. It appears 4 times across 4 unique verses in the Bible. Its meaning is tied to contexts of sustenance, celebration, and intense desire.
The word H809 is used to illustrate different forms of deep longing or provision. In a moment of national celebration, King David distributes provisions to all of Israel, which include a flagon of wine (2 Samuel 6:19; 1 Chronicles 16:3). In a more intimate setting, the speaker in Song of Solomon, feeling "sick of love" H160, cries out, "Stay me with flagons" Song of Solomon 2:5. Conversely, the prophet Hosea uses the term to condemn Israel's idolatry, noting they "love flagons of wine" Hosea 3:1 while turning to other gods.
Several related words clarify the contexts in which H809 is found:
- H157 ʼâhab (to have affection for): This root word for "love" is used to describe Israel's misplaced affection for "flagons of wine" instead of the LORD Hosea 3:1.
- H160 ʼahăbâh (affection; love): This noun appears alongside H809, describing the state of being "sick of love" that requires the comfort of flagons Song of Solomon 2:5.
- H6025 ʻênâb (a grape): As the source for raisins and wine, this word provides the substance for the "flagons" mentioned in Hosea 3:1.
- H2471 challâh (a cake): The base definition of H809 includes "cake of raisins," and this word for cake appears alongside it in the provisions David distributed 2 Samuel 6:19.
The theological and symbolic weight of H809 shifts significantly depending on its application:
- Royal Generosity: In the historical narratives, the distribution of a flagon symbolizes a king's provision and the joy of a unified national celebration before the LORD (2 Samuel 6:19; 1 Chronicles 16:3).
- Idolatrous Indulgence: In prophecy, the love for flagons represents a spiritual adultery where Israel seeks comfort and fulfillment from sources other than God, turning to idolatry Hosea 3:1.
- Sustenance for the Heart: In poetic literature, flagons are presented as a desperately needed refreshment to sustain a person overwhelmed by powerful emotion, specifically the sickness of love Song of Solomon 2:5.
In summary, H809 is a specific term that carries rich symbolic meaning. Though it appears only four times, it powerfully illustrates the object of human desire. Whether as a gift of celebration, a metaphor for idolatry, or a comfort for a lovesick soul, ʼăshîyshâh consistently points to a source of deep satisfaction or longing.
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