### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **sâmêach**, represented by `{{H8056}}`, is a term for being **blithe or gleeful**. It appears 23 times in 23 unique verses in the Bible. Its base definition, from שָׂמַח, conveys a sense of being glad, joyful, or merry. The word captures an outward expression of an inner state of happiness or glee, whether for righteous or unrighteous reasons.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{H8056}}` is used to describe a range of joyful experiences. It is often linked directly to the condition of the heart, as seen in the proverb, "A **merry** heart doeth good like a medicine" [[Proverbs 17:22]]. This joy is also expressed collectively during times of national celebration, such as when the people went to their tents **joyful** and glad of heart for the goodness the LORD had shown [[1 Kings 8:66]]. Conversely, the term is used to condemn unrighteous joy, such as being **glad** at calamities [[Proverbs 17:5]] or when wicked people **rejoice** to do evil [[Proverbs 2:14]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words expand upon the concept of joy and its opposite states:
* `{{H8057}}` **simchâh** (blithesomeness or glee): This is the noun form directly related to `{{H8056}}`, signifying the feeling of joy itself. In Ecclesiastes, the writer's heart **rejoiced** `{{H8056}}` in all his labor, which was his portion of **joy** `{{H8057}}` [[Ecclesiastes 2:10]].
* `{{H7442}}` **rânan** (to shout for joy): This term often appears alongside `{{H8056}}` to describe an audible, outward expression of joy. It is used to contrast the fate of the wicked with the righteous, who "doth sing and **rejoice**" [[Proverbs 29:6]].
* `{{H5218}}` **nâkêʼ** (smitten, afflicted): This word provides a stark contrast to a joyful heart. While a **merry** `{{H8056}}` heart has a positive effect, sorrow of the heart leads to a **broken** spirit ([[Proverbs 15:13]], [[Proverbs 17:22]]).
* `{{H584}}` **ʼânach** (to sigh, mourn): As a direct emotional opposite, this word is used to describe the state of those whose joy has ceased. The "merryhearted" `{{H8056}}` are said to **sigh** when the new wine mourns and the vine languishes [[Isaiah 24:7]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H8056}}` is found in its application to both godly and ungodly sources of joy.
* **Joy as a Response to God's Goodness:** True gladness is frequently presented as a direct result of God's blessings and actions. The people are commanded to **rejoice** at feasts because the LORD has blessed their works [[Deuteronomy 16:15]]. The psalmist declares, "The LORD hath done great things for us; whereof we are **glad**" [[Psalms 126:3]].
* **The Condition of the Heart:** The word emphasizes that one's inner disposition is critical. A **merry** heart is associated with a cheerful countenance and physical well-being ([[Proverbs 15:13]], [[Proverbs 17:22]]), while a broken spirit is linked to sorrow.
* **The Condemnation of Wicked Joy:** Scripture warns against rejoicing in the wrong things. Those who are **glad** at the misfortune of others will be punished [[Proverbs 17:5]]. Similarly, those who **rejoice** in evil [[Proverbs 2:14]] or at the hurt of the righteous will be brought to shame and confusion [[Psalms 35:26]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H8056}}` is a significant term that defines the experience of being **joyful** or **merry**. It is more than a simple emotion; it is a reflection of the state of the heart. The word's usage provides a clear moral distinction, celebrating the gladness that comes from God's blessings and communal worship while sternly condemning the glee derived from evil, calamity, or pride. It illustrates that the source and object of one's joy are of paramount importance.
TRV