### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **shelach**, represented by `{{H7973}}`, carries a dual meaning as both a "missile of attack" and a "shoot of growth." Appearing **8 times** in **8 unique verses**, its definition encompasses terms like dart, plant, sword, and weapon. This versatility allows it to be used in contexts of both conflict and creation.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its primary application, `{{H7973}}` refers to a weapon used for defense or as an instrument of judgment. During the rebuilding of Jerusalem's wall, workers held a **weapon** in one hand while laboring with the other [[Nehemiah 4:17]]. It is also used for the **darts** King Hezekiah made in abundance to fortify the city [[2 Chronicles 32:5]]. In Job, it appears as a **sword** that brings about perishing as a consequence for those who do not obey God [[Job 36:12]], and from which God can keep a soul back [[Job 33:18]]. In a striking contrast, the word is used figuratively in Song of Solomon to describe **plants** in a beautiful orchard [[Song of Solomon 4:13]]. A unique idiomatic use appears in Nehemiah, where it means to "put off" clothes for washing [[Nehemiah 4:23]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide a deeper understanding of the contexts in which **shelach** is used:
* `{{H1129}}` **bânâh** (to build): This word is central to the passages in Nehemiah and 2 Chronicles where **shelach** is a defensive weapon. It means "to build (literally and figuratively)" and is used in passages about building a house for the LORD [[Psalms 127:1]] or building up a ruined city [[Jeremiah 30:18]].
* `{{H2388}}` **châzaq** (to be strong, fortify): Often appearing alongside `{{H7973}}`, this word means to "fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong... fortify." It describes how the builders would **hold** their weapons [[Nehemiah 4:17]] and how Hezekiah **strengthened** himself and his city's defenses [[2 Chronicles 32:5]].
* `{{H5674}}` **ʻâbar** (to perish, pass over): This term describes the fatal outcome associated with the "sword." It means "to cross over; used very widely of any transition." In Job, those who disobey God will **perish** by the sword [[Job 36:12]], and God can keep a life from **perishing** by it [[Job 33:18]].
* `{{H5307}}` **nâphal** (to fall): This word describes the action associated with a weapon. It means "to fall, in a great variety of applications." An army can **fall** upon the sword in battle [[Joel 2:8]], connecting the weapon to its direct consequence.
### Theological Significance
The use of `{{H7973}}` carries several key themes in Scripture:
* **Armament and Defense:** The word is used for physical weapons like darts and swords, highlighting the practical need for readiness and the active defense of God's people and their work ([[Nehemiah 4:17]], [[2 Chronicles 32:5]]).
* **Instrument of Judgment:** In a moral context, the "sword" represents the fatal consequence of disobedience [[Job 36:12]]. It also signifies the peril from which God, in His mercy, can deliver a person's soul and life [[Job 33:18]].
* **Symbol of Fruitful Growth:** In a powerful figurative shift, the word moves from conflict to creation. As "plants," it helps to describe a beautiful and pleasant orchard, symbolizing life, beauty, and fruitfulness [[Song of Solomon 4:13]].
### Summary
In summary, **shelach** `{{H7973}}` is a multifaceted term that encapsulates starkly contrasting ideas. While its appearances are infrequent, they are significant, portraying concepts ranging from military preparedness and divine judgment to the beauty of a thriving garden. The word illustrates how biblical Hebrew can use a single term to convey ideas of both destruction and life, conflict and peace.
TRV