(Aramaic) corresponding to רָפַס; {to trample, i.e. prostrate}; stamp.
Transliteration:rᵉphaç
Pronunciation:ref-as'
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Aramaic verb `{{H7512}}` (rᵉphaç) is defined as "to trample, i.e. prostrate" or "stamp." Its core meaning denotes a forceful, oppressive action involving the feet, often implying the subjugation or destruction of something or someone. The definition explicitly states its correspondence to the Hebrew `{{H7511}}` (rāphaś), which carries similar connotations of trampling or disturbing with the feet, particularly in the context of muddying water or treading down in anger. Thus, `{{H7512}}` signifies a violent, overwhelming, and often destructive act of treading underfoot. The nuance of "prostrate" suggests not merely stepping on but utterly bringing low or crushing.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The Aramaic verb `{{H7512}}` appears exclusively in the book of Daniel, specifically in prophetic visions concerning the rise and fall of empires. Its limited occurrences, however, are highly significant for understanding the nature of these earthly powers.
1. **[[Daniel 7:7]]**: "After this I saw in the night visions, and behold, a fourth beast, terrifying and dreadful and exceedingly strong. It had great iron teeth; it devoured and broke in pieces and `{{H7512}}` what was left with its feet. It was different from all the beasts that were before it, and it had ten horns." Here, `{{H7512}}` describes the actions of the fourth beast, symbolizing a powerful, oppressive kingdom (often identified with the Roman Empire or a final, eschatological empire). The act of "trampling" (rᵉphaç) emphasizes its ruthless dominance and destructive capacity, leaving nothing but ruin in its wake. It signifies a complete subjugation and annihilation of opposition.
2. **[[Daniel 7:19]]**: "Then I desired to know the truth concerning the fourth beast, which was different from all the rest, exceedingly dreadful, with teeth of iron and claws of bronze, and which devoured, broke in pieces and `{{H7512}}` what was left with its feet." This verse reiterates the description from [[Daniel 7:7]], underscoring the extreme violence and destructive nature of this final kingdom. The repetition serves to highlight the terrifying and overwhelming power it wields, specifically through its "trampling" actions, which are portrayed as a definitive characteristic of its oppressive rule.
In both instances, `{{H7512}}` is used metaphorically to describe the brutal exercise of power by a political entity. It paints a vivid picture of a force that not only conquers but utterly crushes and destroys its adversaries, leaving them prostrate and broken. The imagery evokes a sense of overwhelming might and merciless subjugation.
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary related word is the Hebrew verb `{{H7511}}` (rāphaś), from which `{{H7512}}` is derived by correspondence. `{{H7511}}` also means "to trample, stamp," and is used in contexts such as:
* [[Ezekiel 34:18]]: "Is it not enough for you to feed on the good pasture, that you must `{{H7511}}` down the rest of your pasture with your feet? And to drink of clear water, that you must muddy the rest with your feet?" Here, `{{H7511}}` signifies destructive, wasteful treading, particularly by oppressive leaders (shepherds) who spoil resources for others.
* [[Proverbs 28:3]]: "A poor man who oppresses the lowly is like a driving rain that leaves no food." (Some translations use `{{H7511}}` for the act of spoiling or trampling.)
The conceptual field of `{{H7512}}` also overlaps with other verbs denoting destruction, crushing, or subjugation:
* `{{H1792}}` (dakhah): to crush, be crushed, often used for spiritual or physical brokenness.
* `{{H7533}}` (ratsats): to crush, break in pieces, oppress.
* `{{H947}}` (buz): to despise, scorn, often implying treading underfoot in contempt.
These related terms reinforce the destructive, oppressive, and contemptuous nature implied by `{{H7512}}` in its context of powerful, ungodly empires.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H7512}}` lies in its portrayal of the nature of ungodly power and its ultimate fate. In Daniel's visions, the act of "trampling" by the fourth beast represents the zenith of human arrogance and brutal dominion, operating independently of divine will. This imagery underscores several key theological points:
1. **The Nature of Earthly Empires:** The `{{H7512}}` action vividly illustrates the oppressive and destructive character of human empires when they are not subject to God. They are depicted as ravenous, merciless entities that seek to dominate and annihilate all opposition, leaving a trail of devastation. This stands in stark contrast to the just and merciful rule of God.
2. **Divine Sovereignty and Judgment:** Despite the terrifying power of the beast that "tramples," the visions of Daniel ultimately point to God's supreme sovereignty. The very description of the beast's destructive actions serves to highlight the necessity and certainty of divine judgment. The "trampling" is not an unchecked power; it is observed and will be brought to an end by the Ancient of Days. The beast's destructive reign, though severe, is finite and ultimately subservient to God's eternal plan.
3. **The Suffering of God's People:** Implicit in the "trampling" is the suffering inflicted upon those who stand in the way of these oppressive powers, which often includes God's people. The imagery evokes the persecution and hardship faced by the faithful under tyrannical regimes. However, the vision also offers hope, as this trampling is temporary, and God's kingdom will ultimately prevail.
### Summary
The Aramaic verb `{{H7512}}` (rᵉphaç), meaning "to trample, prostrate, stamp," is a potent term found exclusively in Daniel 7. It describes the ruthless and destructive actions of the fourth beast, symbolizing a powerful, oppressive earthly kingdom that crushes and subjugates all in its path. This word highlights the violent and overwhelming nature of ungodly power. Theologically, `{{H7512}}` serves to underscore the destructive character of human empires operating outside of divine authority, while simultaneously pointing to God's ultimate sovereignty and the certainty of His judgment over such oppressive forces. Despite the terrifying imagery of trampling, the broader context of Daniel's prophecy assures that this destructive power is finite and will ultimately be superseded by God's eternal and righteous kingdom.
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