אָבַס

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Hebrew word ʼâbaç, represented by H75, is a primitive root used to mean to fodder. Its derived meanings of fatted or stalled describe something that has been specially fed. It appears only 2 times in 2 unique verses, where it consistently refers to animals prepared for consumption, signifying abundance or luxury.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

The two uses of H75 illustrate its meaning in different contexts. In the historical account of Solomon's reign, it describes the opulence of the royal court, which was supplied with fatted fowl as part of its daily provisions 1 Kings 4:23. In wisdom literature, it serves a moral point. Proverbs contrasts a simple meal eaten with love against a stalled ox, a symbol of a rich feast, that is accompanied by hatred Proverbs 15:17.

Related Words & Concepts

Several words are contextually related to H75, highlighting themes of abundance and emotional state:

• H1277 bârîyʼ (fatted or plump): This adjective is used to describe well-fed animals. It appears alongside H75 in the list of Solomon's provisions, describing the "fat" oxen, and is also used for the "fatfleshed" kine in Pharaoh's dream 1 Kings 4:23.
• H160 ʼahăbâh (love): This word for affection is presented as the essential ingredient that gives value to a meal. Its presence with a simple dinner of herbs is considered better than a feast without it Proverbs 15:17.
• H8135 sinʼâh (hate): This term is the destructive element that ruins the value of a luxurious feast. The proverb states that a stalled ox served with hatred is inferior to a humble meal served with love Proverbs 15:17.

Theological Significance

The significance of H75 is found in the concepts it represents within its contexts.

• Material Wealth vs. Relational Health: The primary lesson from its use in Proverbs is the prioritization of the heart's condition over material possessions. A stalled ox, representing the best of material food, is rendered worthless by the presence of hatred H8135, while a meager meal is elevated by love H160.
• Symbol of Abundance: In the narrative of Solomon's kingdom, the inclusion of fatted H75 fowl serves as a tangible indicator of the nation's immense prosperity and the grandeur of the king's provisions, showcasing a period of great peace and wealth 1 Kings 4:23.

Summary

In summary, H75 is a specific and rare term for that which is specially foddered or fattened. While it literally describes a method of preparing animals for a feast, its scriptural importance lies in its symbolic use. It can represent the height of royal splendor and provision, but it is most powerfully used to teach that the quality of one's relationships and spiritual state far outweighs the value of material luxury.