### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **rûwsh**, represented by `{{H7326}}`, is a primitive root meaning **to be destitute**. It is used to describe a state of lack, being needy, or being a poor man. Appearing 24 times in 24 unique verses, the term is frequently found in wisdom literature, where it often serves to contrast material poverty with moral character and explore God's relationship with all people, regardless of their station.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{H7326}}` is used to illustrate contrasts between wealth and poverty. In Nathan's parable to David, the central figures are "the one rich, and the other poor" [[2 Samuel 12:1]]. The word highlights social dynamics, as seen in Proverbs where the poor man's brethren hate him [[Proverbs 19:7]] and the rich rule over him [[Proverbs 22:7]]. It also describes a state brought on by action, as a "slack hand" leads one to become poor [[Proverbs 10:4]]. Conversely, it can also signify a lack of material goods in a more neutral sense, as when David describes himself as "a poor man, and lightly esteemed" [[1 Samuel 18:23]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words expand upon the concepts of poverty and wealth:
* `{{H6223}}` **ʻâshîyr** (rich, whether literal or figurative (noble)): This word is the direct counterpart to `{{H7326}}` and is often used in the same verse to create a contrast. Their shared existence is attributed to God, as "The rich and poor meet together: the LORD is the maker of them all" [[Proverbs 22:2]].
* `{{H1800}}` **dal** (properly, dangling, i.e. (by implication) weak or thin; lean, needy, poor (man), weaker): This term is often used alongside `{{H7326}}` to describe the vulnerable. In a warning against injustice, a poor `{{H7326}}` man who "oppresseth the poor `{{H1800}}`" is condemned [[Proverbs 28:3]].
* `{{H3867}}` **lâvâh** (to borrow (as a form of obligation) or (caus.) to lend): This root describes the financial relationship that often results from poverty. The state of the poor `{{H7326}}` is connected to this dynamic, as "the borrower is servant to the lender" [[Proverbs 22:7]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H7326}}` is significant, particularly in its implications for righteousness and divine order.
* **Divine Sovereignty:** The word `{{H7326}}` is used to affirm God's ultimate authority over all human conditions. Scripture states that both "The rich and poor meet together: the LORD is the maker of them all" [[Proverbs 22:2]], and that the LORD "lighteneth both their eyes" [[Proverbs 29:13]], showing no partiality based on wealth.
* **Character over Wealth:** The possession of wealth is presented as secondary to moral integrity. The Bible repeatedly teaches that it is better to be a "poor that walketh in his integrity" than a rich man who is perverse in his ways ([[Proverbs 19:1]], [[Proverbs 28:6]]).
* **A Test of Righteousness:** How one treats the poor `{{H7326}}` is a measure of one's character and relationship with God. Mocking the poor is seen as reproaching their Maker [[Proverbs 17:5]], while giving to them ensures one will not lack [[Proverbs 28:27]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H7326}}` is more than a simple descriptor for material lack. It is a vital term within biblical wisdom literature that serves as a foundation for teachings on justice, character, and God's sovereignty. By contrasting the **poor** with the rich, scripture uses this word to evaluate a person's heart, arguing that integrity and righteousness are of far greater value than earthly riches.
TRV