### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **ʼarbaʻtayim**, represented by `{{H706}}`, is a specific term meaning **fourfold**. Its base is the dual of the Hebrew word for four, emphasizing a multiplied quantity. This word is exceedingly rare, appearing only **1 time** in **1 unique verse** in the entire Bible.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole appearance of `{{H706}}` is in the context of a judgment concerning restitution. In [[2 Samuel 12:6]], a sentence is declared that the guilty party "shall restore the lamb **fourfold**." This severe penalty is required specifically because the person did the thing and, crucially, "had no pity" `{{H2550}}`. The use of **ʼarbaʻtayim** here directly quantifies the required repayment for a heartless transgression.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words in its single verse of use provide critical context for the meaning of **fourfold**:
* `{{H7999}}` **shâlam** (restore): This root word means to make amends, repay, or make restitution. Its pairing with `{{H706}}` shows that the restitution is not merely a one-to-one replacement but a multiplied penalty.
* `{{H3535}}` **kibsâh** (ewe lamb): This is the object of the transgression, a **ewe lamb**. In the narrative, this lamb was the only possession of a poor man, making its theft particularly cruel [[2 Samuel 12:3-4]].
* `{{H6213}}` **ʻâsâh** (to do or make): A common verb for action, here it refers to the wrongful deed that was committed. The consequence of what was **done** `{{H6213}}` is the fourfold restitution [[2 Samuel 12:6]].
* `{{H2550}}` **châmal** (have pity): The absence of this quality is the stated reason for the severe punishment. The verse explicitly links the **fourfold** `{{H706}}` payment to the fact that the offender "had no **pity**."
### Theological Significance
Though used only once, `{{H706}}` carries significant theological weight regarding justice and restitution.
* **Principle of Restitution:** The word establishes a clear biblical principle that restitution for sin can require more than what was taken. The command is not just to replace the lamb, but to **restore** `{{H7999}}` it **fourfold** [[2 Samuel 12:6]].
* **Consequence of a Hardened Heart:** The **fourfold** penalty is directly tied to the offender's lack of **pity** `{{H2550}}`. This demonstrates that God's justice considers the motivation and heart behind an action, not just the action itself. The severity of the consequence matches the cruelty of the sin.
* **Justice for the Vulnerable:** The context of the stolen **lamb** `{{H3535}}` involves a rich man taking from a poor man [[2 Samuel 12:4]]. The use of **ʼarbaʻtayim** underscores God's high value on protecting the poor and punishing those who exploit them without compassion.
### Summary
In summary, **ʼarbaʻtayim** `{{H706}}` is far more than a numerical term. In its single biblical use, it serves as a powerful symbol of divine justice. It illustrates that true restitution must account for the nature of the transgression, specifically punishing heartless cruelty with a severe, **fourfold** repayment. The word solidifies a key theological principle: the measure of justice is connected to the measure of mercy shown, or in this case, withheld.
TRV