The Hebrew word qâlîy, represented by H7039, refers to roasted ears of grain; parched corn. Derived from a root meaning to roast, it describes a simple and common foodstuff. It appears 6 times across 5 unique verses, highlighting its role as a practical source of nourishment in ancient Israel.
In the biblical narrative, H7039 is used in several key contexts. It is presented as a gesture of kindness and provision, as when Boaz invites Ruth to eat parched corn with his reapers Ruth 2:14. It also serves as a staple provision for those on the move or in military camps, seen when Jesse sends David with an ephah of parched corn to his brothers 1 Samuel 17:17. Its importance is further shown when it is listed among the essential supplies, including wheat, barley, and beans, brought to David and his men 2 Samuel 17:28.
Several related words expand upon the concepts of grain and sustenance:
- H3899 lechem (food, bread): A general term for food, especially bread, or grain for making it. It is often mentioned alongside parched corn, and its significance is highlighted by the statement that man does not live by bread only Deuteronomy 8:3.
- H3759 karmel (green ears of corn): This term for fresh, full (green) ears (of corn) is contrasted with parched corn in Levitical law, which forbade eating either until an offering was made Leviticus 23:14.
- H398 ʼâkal (to eat): A primitive root meaning to eat. This verb is directly associated with consuming parched corn in contexts of both physical sustenance Ruth 2:14 and religious prohibition Leviticus 23:14.
The significance of H7039 is primarily practical and cultural, illustrating aspects of daily life and religious observance.
- A Staple Food: Parched corn was a convenient, portable, and ready-to-eat grain, making it a vital provision for travelers, shepherds, and soldiers (1 Samuel 17:17, 2 Samuel 17:28).
- A Tool of Hospitality: Offering parched corn was an act of generosity and welcome. Boaz's provision for Ruth demonstrates this social custom Ruth 2:14.
- Ceremonial Regulation: Its consumption was regulated within the Law. Israelites were forbidden to eat bread, parched corn, or green ears until the proper offering H7133 had been brought to God, connecting this everyday food to sacred duty Leviticus 23:14.
In summary, H7039 is a specific term that provides a window into the common diet and social customs of ancient Israel. While a simple food, it functions in Scripture as a symbol of provision, an instrument of kindness, and a component of religious law. Its usage demonstrates how even the most basic elements of life were integrated into the fabric of the biblical narrative and the Israelites' relationship with God.
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