a primitive root; to scoop out, i.e. (figuratively) to malign or execrate (i.e. stab with words); [idiom] at all, curse.
Transliteration:qâbab
Pronunciation:kaw-bab'
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew root `{{H6895}}` (qâbab) is a primitive root, carrying the core semantic idea of "to scoop out" or "to hollow out." From this literal sense, it develops a profound figurative meaning: "to malign," "to execrate," or "to curse." The imagery conveyed is one of a deep, penetrating verbal assault, akin to "stabbing with words." Unlike some other Hebrew terms for cursing that might imply a lighter contempt or a general pronouncement of ill, qâbab suggests a deliberate, intense, and often ritualistic act of imprecation designed to inflict profound harm or bring about utter destruction. It denotes a curse intended to be effective and deeply damaging, piercing the very essence of the one cursed.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The word `{{H6895}}` (qâbab) appears predominantly in the narrative concerning Balaam and Balak in the book of Numbers. Its usage is central to understanding the conflict and divine intervention in this account.
* In [[Numbers 22:11]], Balak, the king of Moab, implores Balaam to "come, curse this people for me" (קָבָה לִי אֶת־הָעָם הַזֶּה). Here, qâbab signifies the specific, potent curse Balak desires to be pronounced against Israel.
* Balaam himself uses the term in [[Numbers 23:8]] when he rhetorically asks, "How can I curse (אֵיךְ אֶקֹּב) whom God has not cursed (לֹא קַבֹּה אֵל)?" This verse powerfully highlights the futility of human attempts to curse those whom God has chosen to bless. It underscores the divine prerogative over blessing and cursing.
* The word reappears in [[Numbers 23:25]], where Balak, frustrated by Balaam's inability to curse, exclaims, "Neither curse them at all (לֹא תָקֳבֶנּוּ), nor bless them at all!" This demonstrates Balak's desperation and his awareness that Balaam is not delivering the desired qâbab.
* Finally, in [[Numbers 24:10]], Balak's anger boils over as he declares, "I called you to curse my enemies (לָקֹב אֹיְבָי), but behold, you have done nothing but bless them these three times." This verse encapsulates the entire narrative's tension: Balak's intent for qâbab is repeatedly thwarted by divine intervention, resulting in blessings instead.
The consistent use of `{{H6895}}` in this crucial narrative emphasizes the specific, deep, and intended malevolence of the curse sought, and simultaneously, the absolute sovereignty of God in rendering such curses ineffective against His chosen people.
### Related Words & Concepts
`{{H6895}}` (qâbab) stands alongside other Hebrew words for "curse," each with distinct nuances.
* `{{H7043}}` (qālal): This is a more general term for cursing, often implying a lighter contempt, treating someone lightly, or making them insignificant. It can be used in a less severe sense than qâbab.
* `{{H779}}` (ʾārar): This term typically denotes a more severe, binding curse, often associated with divine judgment or a formal pronouncement that brings about separation or misfortune. It carries a strong sense of being bound by a curse.
* `{{H5344}}` (nāqab): While primarily meaning "to pierce" or "to bore," nāqab can also carry the sense of "to designate" or "to curse" in certain contexts (e.g., [[Leviticus 24:11]], [[Job 3:8]]). Its connection to "piercing" might share a conceptual overlap with qâbab's figurative sense of "stabbing with words."
The unique contribution of `{{H6895}}` is its emphasis on the deep, penetrating, and actively destructive intent of the verbal curse, a "scooping out" of well-being through words. The concept of "imprecation" and "execration" are closely related, highlighting the desire to invoke harm or misfortune upon another through powerful, often ritualistic, speech.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H6895}}` (qâbab) is profound, especially as demonstrated in the Balaam narrative.
1. **Divine Sovereignty:** The repeated failure of Balaam to qâbab Israel, despite his professional expertise and Balak's fervent desire, is a powerful testament to God's absolute sovereignty. God is not merely stronger than human sorcery; He is utterly in control, able to turn curses into blessings ([[Deuteronomy 23:5]]). This illustrates that no human or demonic power can thwart God's purposes for His chosen people.
2. **Covenant Faithfulness:** The narrative underscores God's faithfulness to His covenant promises, particularly the Abrahamic covenant which includes the promise of blessing for those who bless Israel and cursing for those who qâbab them ([[Genesis 12:3]]). Balaam's inability to curse confirms God's protective hand over His covenant people.
3. **The Power and Peril of the Tongue:** While qâbab focuses on destructive speech, its context implicitly highlights the broader biblical theme of the immense power inherent in words. The tongue, though small, can wield immense power for good or for evil ([[Proverbs 18:21]], [[James 3:6]]). The divine intervention against qâbab serves as a divine commentary on the serious nature of malicious speech.
4. **The Futility of Opposing God's Plan:** The attempts by Balak and Balaam to qâbab Israel are ultimately rendered futile. This serves as a theological principle: human or demonic opposition against God's preordained plans and blessings will inevitably fail.
### Summary
The Hebrew verb `{{H6895}}` (qâbab) literally means "to scoop out," but figuratively and predominantly signifies "to malign" or "to execrate," particularly in the sense of delivering a potent, deeply penetrating verbal curse. Its primary biblical context is the narrative of Balaam in the book of Numbers, where it describes Balak's repeated attempts to have Israel cursed. The repeated failure of Balaam to qâbab Israel, due to divine intervention, serves as a powerful demonstration of God's absolute sovereignty over human intentions and actions. Theologically, qâbab underscores God's covenant faithfulness, His ability to turn curses into blessings, and the ultimate futility of any attempt to thwart His divine plan for His people. It highlights the destructive potential of the tongue, yet ultimately affirms that God's protective hand is supreme.
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