### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **ʼâphaq**, represented by `{{H662}}`, is a primitive root meaning to **contain, abstain, or restrain**, and in a reflexive sense, to **force oneself**. It appears **7 times** in **7 unique verses**, often depicting a powerful internal struggle to hold back a strong emotion or action.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{H662}}` is used to describe intense moments of self-control. Joseph, overwhelmed with emotion upon seeing his brothers, **refrained** himself before revealing his identity ([[Genesis 43:31]], [[Genesis 45:1]]). Similarly, Haman **refrained** himself to contain his rage [[Esther 5:10]]. A different sense is seen when King Saul, in a moment of panic, **forced** himself to present an offering, an act outside his authority [[1 Samuel 13:12]]. The word is also used in appeals to God, as Isaiah questions whether the LORD's mercies are **restrained** [[Isaiah 63:15]] and pleads with Him not to **refrain** Himself any longer [[Isaiah 64:12]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the concept of holding back or breaking silence:
* `{{H2790}}` **chârash**: This word, meaning **to be silent or hold peace**, is used alongside `{{H662}}` when the LORD describes how He has "been still, and refrained" Himself before acting [[Isaiah 42:14]]. It emphasizes a state of quiet inaction.
* `{{H2814}}` **châshâh**: Meaning **to hush or keep quiet**, this term also appears with `{{H662}}` to describe God's deliberate period of silence [[Isaiah 42:14]]. It highlights the intentional holding back of speech or action.
* `{{H7121}}` **qârâʼ**: Meaning **to call out or cry**, this word depicts the action that occurs when restraint is broken. After Joseph could no longer **refrain** himself, he **cried** out [[Genesis 45:1]], showing the release of contained emotion.
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H662}}` is significant, particularly in its application to both human and divine nature.
* **The Virtue and Peril of Self-Control:** In human hands, restraint can be a sign of strength and wisdom, as seen in Joseph's ability to manage his emotions [[Genesis 43:31]]. However, it can also describe an action forced by fear and impatience, leading to transgression, as with Saul [[1 Samuel 13:12]].
* **Divine Patience and Impending Action:** God's use of `{{H662}}` reveals His sovereign patience. He declares that He has long "refrained" Himself, but that this period of stillness will end with a powerful cry and decisive action against His enemies [[Isaiah 42:14]].
* **The Cry of the Faithful:** The use of `{{H662}}` in Isaiah's prayers captures the tension of faith. When God seems distant, the prophet cries out, asking if God will **refrain** Himself and continue to hold His peace while His people are afflicted [[Isaiah 64:12]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H662}}` provides a powerful lens through which to view the concept of restraint. It is more than just being quiet; it is the active containment of immense force, whether it be personal grief, royal wrath, or divine power. The word illustrates the profound struggle, both human and divine, between holding back and acting, between silence and crying out, and between patience and judgment.
TRV