from פָּתַל; twine; bound, bracelet, lace, line, ribband, thread, wire.
Transliteration:pâthîyl
Pronunciation:paw-theel'
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew term פָּתִיל (pâthîyl, `{{H6616}}`) is derived from the verbal root פָּתַל (pāthal, `{{H6617}}`), which carries the core meaning "to twist, wrestle, struggle." This etymological root is crucial for understanding the essence of pâthîyl, as it inherently refers to something formed by the act of twisting or interweaving.
At its most fundamental level, pâthîyl signifies "twine" or "thread," a narrow, elongated material created by twisting fibers together. From this base meaning, its semantic range expands to encompass various objects made of such twisted material, including "line," "lace," "ribband," and even "wire" (in the sense of a thin, twisted strand of metal or a strong cord). The definition also includes "bracelet," suggesting a twisted cord or chain used for adornment or as a form of binding. The unifying concept across these applications is an object characterized by its twisted construction, implying strength, flexibility, and an inherent capacity to bind, connect, or serve as a secure link.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term pâthîyl (`{{H6616}}`) appears in a limited but highly significant set of biblical contexts, each revealing a facet of its meaning and symbolic weight:
1. **Pledge and Identification:** In the narrative of Judah and Tamar, pâthîyl is used twice. In [[Genesis 38:18]], Tamar demands Judah's "signet and his cord" (חֹתָמְךָ וּפְתִילֶךָ) as a pledge. Later, in [[Genesis 38:25]], the "cord" (וְאֶת־הַפָּתִיל) is among the items sent by Tamar to identify the father of her child. Here, the pâthîyl functions as a personal token, a tangible object representing a binding agreement or promise, and crucially, serving as an undeniable means of identification. It underscores the concept of a personal commitment being tied to a physical object.
2. **Sacred Connection and Divine Order:** In the instructions for the high priestly garments, pâthîyl is specified for the breastplate. [[Exodus 28:28]] and [[Exodus 39:21]] describe how the breastplate is to be "fastened with a cord of blue" (בְּפָתִיל תְּכֵלֶת) to the rings of the ephod, so that it "may not come loose from the ephod." This application highlights the pâthîyl's role in creating a secure and unbreakable connection within a sacred context. The blue color (תְּכֵלֶת, tekhelet) is often associated with the heavens and divinity, further emphasizing the divine order and the meticulous care required in the service of God. The pâthîyl here symbolizes the unbreakable bond between the priest's sacred duties and the divine presence.
3. **Covenantal Remembrance and Obedience:** Perhaps the most theologically profound use of pâthîyl is in the command regarding the tzitzit, the tassels on the corners of garments. [[Numbers 15:38]] instructs the Israelites to "put a cord of blue" (פְּתִיל תְּכֵלֶת) on the tassel of each corner. The purpose, as stated in [[Numbers 15:39]], is "that you may look at it and remember all the commandments of the Lord and do them." This usage transforms the pâthîyl into a constant, visual reminder of God's covenant and His commandments. It serves as a symbolic binding to the divine law, a perpetual call to obedience, and a means of preventing the people from straying after their own hearts and eyes.
Across these contexts, the pâthîyl consistently functions as an object of connection, security, identification, or remembrance, often imbued with significant symbolic meaning beyond its mere physical form.
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary related word to pâthîyl (`{{H6616}}`) is its root verb, פָּתַל (pāthal, `{{H6617}}`), "to twist, wrestle, struggle." This etymological link is essential, as it defines the very nature of pâthîyl as something formed by twisting. It also hints at the inherent strength and resilience that can be achieved through such a process, as twisted strands are often stronger than individual fibers.
Other Hebrew words referring to ropes, cords, or lines, such as חֶבֶל (chevel, `{{H2256}}`), יֶתֶר (yeter, `{{H3527}}`), or מוֹתֶרֶת (môthereth, `{{H4148}}`), share the general function of binding or connecting. However, pâthîyl specifically emphasizes the *twisted* construction, distinguishing it from other forms of cordage that might be braided, woven, or simply single strands.
Conceptually, pâthîyl intersects with themes of:
* **Binding and Connection:** Whether a pledge, a physical link, or a symbolic tie to a covenant.
* **Covenant:** Particularly in its use for the tzitzit, symbolizing the unbreakable bond between God and Israel.
* **Remembrance:** The explicit purpose of the blue thread in Numbers 15.
* **Identification and Authentication:** As seen in the Judah and Tamar narrative.
* **Divine Order and Holiness:** In the context of the high priestly garments.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of pâthîyl (`{{H6616}}`) is profound, transcending its simple material nature to embody key spiritual truths:
1. **Covenantal Remembrance and Obedience:** The most prominent theological role of the pâthîyl is its function in the tzitzit (tassels) as commanded in [[Numbers 15:38]]. The blue thread serves as a tangible, ever-present reminder for the Israelites to "remember all the commandments of the Lord and do them" ([[Numbers 15:39]]). This transforms a humble thread into a powerful symbol of the covenant relationship, a constant call to faithfulness, and a safeguard against spiritual straying. It underscores the importance of visible signs in fostering spiritual discipline and remembrance of God's word.
2. **Divine Order and Sacred Connection:** In the context of the high priestly garments, the pâthîyl ensures the secure attachment of the breastplate to the ephod ([[Exodus 28:28]]). This signifies the meticulous divine order and the unbreakable connection between the sacred elements of worship. The blue color, often associated with the heavens, reinforces the idea that this connection is divinely ordained and essential for the proper mediation between God and His people. It speaks to the integrity and holiness required in approaching God.
3. **Pledge, Identity, and Trust:** Judah's pâthîyl in [[Genesis 38:18]] functions as a binding pledge and later as a means of identification ([[Genesis 38:25]]). Theologically, this highlights the concept of trust and accountability within human relationships, reflecting how tangible commitments can represent intangible promises. It underscores the biblical emphasis on integrity and the consequences of one's word.
4. **The Strength of the Humble:** Derived from a root meaning "to twist," the pâthîyl inherently speaks to the strength achieved through combination and intertwining. Though often a "thread" or "cord," its twisted nature implies resilience. This can serve as a metaphor for the enduring nature of God's commands and covenants, which, though seemingly simple, possess an unbreakable strength when adhered to.
In essence, the pâthîyl is not merely a functional object but a divinely appointed symbol of connection, commitment, remembrance, and the enduring power of God's word and covenant in the lives of His people.
### Summary
The Hebrew word pâthîyl (`{{H6616}}`), derived from the root `{{H6617}}` meaning "to twist," fundamentally denotes a "twine" or "thread." Its semantic range extends to various forms of twisted cordage, including laces, lines, and even bracelets. Biblically, pâthîyl appears in contexts of significant symbolic weight: as a personal pledge and means of identification in [[Genesis 38:18]] and [[Genesis 38:25]]; as the blue lace securing the high priest's breastplate, symbolizing divine order and an unbreakable sacred connection in [[Exodus 28:28]] and [[Exodus 39:21]]; and most profoundly, as the blue thread in the tassels (tzitzit) of garments, commanded in [[Numbers 15:38]] to serve as a perpetual reminder of God's commandments and the covenant with Israel. Theologically, pâthîyl encapsulates themes of covenantal binding, divine connection, faithful remembrance, and the tangible manifestation of commitment. It represents how even a seemingly humble object, when imbued with divine purpose, can carry profound spiritual meaning and serve as a constant witness to God's enduring presence and His expectations for His people.
TRV