from an unused root meaning to sojourn; lodging; Athak, a place in Palestine; Athach.
Transliteration:ʻĂthâk
Pronunciation:ath-awk'
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew term `{{H6269}}` (ʻĂthâk) is a proper noun, specifically a geographical place name. Its base definition indicates derivation from an unused root, which is understood to convey the meaning of "to sojourn" or "to lodge." Therefore, the name ʻĂthâk inherently suggests a place associated with temporary dwelling, a lodging place, or a site where one might sojourn. Unlike common nouns or verbs, a proper noun's semantic range is constrained to its identity as a specific entity. For ʻĂthâk, its core meaning is its identity as a particular location in ancient Palestine, whose etymological root hints at its function or character as a place of temporary habitation.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The name `{{H6269}}` (ʻĂthâk) appears only once in the entire Hebrew Bible, specifically in [[1 Samuel 30:30]]. This singular occurrence is found within the narrative detailing David's return from defeating the Amalekites who had raided Ziklag. After recovering all that was lost and taking significant spoil from the Amalekites, David sends portions of this spoil to various elders of Judah and to the cities where he and his men had previously sojourned.
The verse reads: "and to those who were in Hormah, and to those who were in Bor-ashan, and to those who were in Athach," ([[1 Samuel 30:30]]).
The context reveals ʻĂthâk as one of the places that received a share of the recovered spoil. This act by David was a demonstration of gratitude, loyalty, and shrewd political foresight. He was distributing the spoils to those who had shown him hospitality or support during his period as a fugitive from Saul, thereby strengthening his alliances and securing future support as he prepared for his eventual kingship over Judah. While the exact location of ʻĂthâk remains uncertain to modern archaeology, its inclusion in this list signifies its importance as a place that had offered refuge or a temporary home to David and his men. The etymological meaning of "lodging" aligns perfectly with the narrative context of David's sojourning.
### Related Words & Concepts
Given that `{{H6269}}` is a proper noun derived from an "unused root," direct lexical relatives are scarce. However, the conceptual link to "sojourning" or "lodging" connects it to broader biblical themes:
* **Sojourning (גּוּר, `{{H1481}}`; גֵּר, `{{H1616}}`):** The concept of a "sojourner" (ger) is fundamental in biblical theology, often referring to a resident alien or temporary dweller. The etymological root of ʻĂthâk aligns with this idea, suggesting a place that welcomed or facilitated the temporary stay of others, much like David and his men.
* **Hospitality:** The act of David sending gifts to ʻĂthâk implies that the inhabitants of this place had extended hospitality to him and his followers. This theme is pervasive in the ancient Near East and is a significant virtue in biblical ethics, often exemplified by figures like Abraham ([[Genesis 18:1-8]]) or Lot ([[Genesis 19:1-3]]).
* **Place Names and Identity:** The Bible frequently uses place names to convey historical memory, divine action, or the character of a location. While ʻĂthâk is not a major site, its name, implying "lodging," subtly reinforces its role in providing temporary refuge for David, a man destined for kingship but then a wanderer.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H6269}}` (ʻĂthâk) lies not in its prominence, but in its subtle contribution to the broader narrative of God's providential care for David and the meticulous nature of biblical history.
1. **Divine Providence in David's Exile:** The existence of places like ʻĂthâk, which offered lodging to David during his years as a fugitive, underscores God's sustained provision for His anointed one. Even in his wanderings, David was not abandoned; communities like ʻĂthâk played a role in sustaining him and his men, demonstrating God's use of human hospitality to achieve His divine purposes.
2. **Davidic Justice and Generosity:** David's act of distributing the spoils to ʻĂthâk and other cities ([[1 Samuel 30:26-31]]) exemplifies his character as a just and grateful leader. This foreshadows his future reign, where his leadership would be marked by a concern for all segments of the population. His remembrance of those who had shown him kindness reflects a heart aligned with divine principles of reciprocity and care.
3. **The Interconnectedness of Israelite Society:** The list of cities in [[1 Samuel 30:26-31]], including ʻĂthâk, highlights the intricate web of relationships and mutual support within ancient Israelite society, even during periods of tribal fragmentation and political instability. It shows that David's rise to power was not a solitary endeavor but built upon the support of various communities.
4. **Inspiration for Future Generations:** The inclusion of seemingly minor details like the specific cities, including ʻĂthâk, serves to ground the biblical narrative in historical reality. It assures the reader of the meticulousness of the inspired record and reminds us that even obscure places and acts of kindness contribute to God's overarching plan.
### Summary
`{{H6269}}` (ʻĂthâk) is a unique Hebrew proper noun, a place name appearing only once in the Bible at [[1 Samuel 30:30]]. Its etymological root, suggesting "to sojourn" or "lodging," perfectly aligns with its historical context as a place that likely provided temporary refuge or hospitality to David and his men during his years as a fugitive. David's act of sending spoil to ʻĂthâk after his victory over the Amalekites illustrates his gratitude, his developing leadership, and his strategic efforts to solidify support among the elders of Judah. The theological significance of ʻĂthâk lies in its subtle witness to God's providence in sustaining David, David's exemplary character as a just and grateful leader, and the interconnectedness of the communities that supported God's chosen king. Though a minor detail, ʻĂthâk contributes to the rich tapestry of biblical history, affirming the divine hand in the establishment of the Davidic monarchy.
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