English · KJV
H6060

עָנָק

ʻânâq /aw-nawk'/ Ask about this word
Rootfrom עָנַק
Meaninga necklace (as if strangling)
KJV usagechain.

Word Study

In depth

A plain-language study of ʻânâq — the range of meaning it carries, how Scripture actually uses it, and where it points. Written for readers who don’t know the original language.

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Hebrew word ʻânâq, represented by H6060, refers to a necklace or chain. Its root carries the sense of strangling, highlighting the closeness of the ornament to the neck. It appears 3 times in 3 unique verses, each instance providing a different shade of meaning, from literal adornment to a powerful metaphor.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In its biblical usage, H6060 describes both physical and figurative ornamentation. In a literal sense, it is listed among the valuable spoils taken from the kings of Midian H4080, where chains were on their camels' H1581 necks, alongside golden earrings and purple raiment Judges 8:26. In a deeply personal context, the speaker in Song of Solomon is "ravished" by his beloved, noting that a single chain H6060 of her neck has captivated his heart Song of Solomon 4:9. Figuratively, the book of Proverbs uses the word to describe the value of parental instruction, which becomes like chains H6060 of honor about one's neck Proverbs 1:9.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words help clarify the context and meaning of ʻânâq:

  • H3880 livyâh (ornament): Defined as "something attached, i.e. a wreath," this word is used in parallel with H6060 in Proverbs 1:9, where wisdom is described as an ornament of grace for the head and chains for the neck.
  • H1621 gargᵉrôwth (neck): This word for throat or neck is the location where the metaphorical chains of wisdom are worn in Proverbs 1:9.
  • H6677 tsavvâʼr (neck): This term, meaning the back of the neck, is where the chain H6060 is worn by the beloved in Song of Solomon 4:9 and where the chains were placed on the camels in Judges 8:26.
  • H1581 gâmâl (camel): These burden-bearing animals were adorned with chains H6060 by the kings of Midian, indicating the great wealth associated with these items Judges 8:26.

Theological Significance

The symbolic weight of H6060 is seen through its distinct applications:

  • Symbol of Wealth and Status: The mention of chains on the necks of camels belonging to the kings H4428 of Midian places them in the category of luxurious goods and symbols of royal power Judges 8:26.
  • Emblem of Intimate Beauty: In Song of Solomon, a single chain H6060 is enough to "ravish" the heart H3823, demonstrating its role as a powerful symbol of personal beauty and deep affection within a loving relationship Song of Solomon 4:9.
  • Metaphor for Moral Value: Proverbs repurposes this physical ornament to represent something of far greater worth. Parental teaching and wisdom become like chains H6060 that provide an ornament H3880 of grace H2580, signifying honor and moral beauty Proverbs 1:9.

Summary

In summary, ʻânâq H6060 is a specific term for a chain or necklace that, despite its infrequent use, carries significant representational value. It can be a literal object signifying the wealth of kings, a deeply personal emblem of captivating beauty, or a profound metaphor for the honor and grace that wisdom bestows upon a person. Through these varied contexts, scripture shows how a simple adornment can illustrate material, relational, and spiritual worth.

How the KJV Renders It

Translation

Strong’s lists the renderings but not their weight. These are counted from the King James text of the tagged verses — the bar under each is how often the translators actually reached for it. Select one to filter the occurrences below.

Grammatical Forms

Morphology

In the Hebrew Old Testament, this word appears as a noun across 4 occurrences, inflected in 4 grammatical forms — each row is one form, and the bar is how often it is that form. Select any form to read what each part of its name means, and to filter the occurrence list to it.

  • עֲנָק
  • עֲנָקוֹת
  • עֲנָקִים
  • עֲנָק

Related Words

Related

Other entries the study above points to — each one is drawn from a reference it makes. Follow the trail to see how the words connect.

H4080 מִדְיָן the same as מִדְיָן; Midjan, a son of Abraham; also his country and (collectively) his descendants; Midian, Midianite. H1581 גָּמָל apparently from גָּמַל (in the sense of labor or burden-bearing); a camel; camel. H3880 לִוְיָה from לָוָה; something attached, i.e. a wreath; ornament. H1621 גַּרְגְּרוֹת feminine plural from גָּרַר; the throat (as used in rumination); neck. H6677 צַוָּאר or צַוָּר; (Nehemiah 3:5), or צַוָּרֹןlemma צַוָּרן missing vowel, corrected to צַוָּרֹן; (Song of Solomon 4:9), or (fem H4428 מֶלֶךְ from מָלַךְ; a king; king, royal.

Theographic Context

Context

The people, places, and span of history the verses containing this word touch on — drawn from the theographic tagging of Scripture. Select any name to isolate its verses in the occurrence list.

Biblical Distribution

Distribution

Appears in 3 verses across 3 of the 39 books. Most frequent in Judges, Proverbs, and Song of Solomon (1 verse each); never once in the other 36.

1
Judges
1
Proverbs
1
Song of Solomon

Every Occurrence

Concordance

Every verse where the word is tagged in the King James text. Filter by book, by the English word the translators chose, by grammatical form, or search within the verses.

Sources. Definition and numbering: James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890). Morphology: STEPBible / Tyndale House (CC BY). Verse tagging: the King James text keyed to Strong’s numbers. Every count on this page is computed from the tagged corpus, not estimated.