### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **ʻâlaph**, represented by `{{H5968}}`, is a primitive root with a dual meaning. It can refer literally to the act of veiling or covering, as well as figuratively to a state of being languid or faint. Appearing only **5 times** in **5 unique verses**, its usage is rare but potent, describing actions ranging from wrapping oneself in a garment to being physically overcome.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical usage, `{{H5968}}` describes both literal actions and figurative states of being. Figuratively, it conveys a profound physical weakness. The sons of Zion are said to have "fainted{H5968}," being full of the "fury of the LORD" [[Isaiah 51:20]]. Similarly, both Jonah and the youth of Israel are depicted as fainting under duress; Jonah "fainted{H5968}" from the heat of the sun [[Jonah 4:8]], and the young men will "faint{H5968} for thirst" [[Amos 8:13]]. Literally, the word is used when Tamar "wrapped herself{H5968}" as part of a disguise [[Genesis 38:14]] and to describe a beautiful object as being "overlaid{H5968} with sapphires" [[Song of Solomon 5:14]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide context for the conditions surrounding the use of `{{H5968}}`:
* `{{H3680}}` **kâçâh** (to cover (for clothing or secrecy)): This word is used in parallel with `{{H5968}}` when Tamar "covered her{H3680} with a vail" before she "wrapped herself{H5968}," highlighting the theme of concealment [[Genesis 38:14]].
* `{{H1606}}` **gᵉʻârâh** (a chiding; rebuke(-ing), reproof): This term points to a cause of the figurative fainting. In [[Isaiah 51:20]], the people faint as a direct result of the Lord's fury and "rebuke{H1606}".
* `{{H4191}}` **mûwth** (to die): This represents the ultimate state that fainting can precede. After Jonah "fainted{H5968}," he explicitly "wished in himself to die{H4191}" [[Jonah 4:8]], linking physical collapse with the desire for death.
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H5968}}` is found in its portrayal of human frailty and response to external forces.
* **The Physicality of Judgment:** The act of fainting is presented as a tangible consequence of divine action. The sons of Zion do not merely feel sorrow; they physically faint from the "fury{H2534} of the LORD" [[Isaiah 51:20]]. Jonah's fainting spell is also a direct result of the sun and "vehement east wind" that God prepared [[Jonah 4:8]].
* **Covering for Adornment and Deception:** The literal use of `{{H5968}}` shows a duality. It can signify beauty and value, as when an object is "overlaid{H5968} with sapphires" [[Song of Solomon 5:14]]. Conversely, it can be an act of concealment, as when Tamar "wrapped herself{H5968}" to hide her identity [[Genesis 38:14]].
* **Humanity Overwhelmed:** The word consistently illustrates the limits of human strength. Even "fair virgins and young men" are shown to "faint{H5968} for thirst" [[Amos 8:13]], demonstrating that none are immune to the effects of extreme hardship.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H5968}}` is a specific and descriptive term that carries both a literal and a figurative meaning. While its occurrences are few, it powerfully depicts the concepts of covering and fainting. From the physical act of a woman wrapping herself to the debilitating state of a prophet fainting under God's hand, **ʻâlaph** illustrates the profound and often physical ways in which individuals react to judgment, hardship, and beauty.
TRV