### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **ʻakshûwb**, represented by `{{H5919}}`, refers to an **adder** or **asp**. Its definition suggests an origin from an unused root meaning "to coil," pointing to the image of a serpent lurking coiled up. This term appears only **1 time** in the entire Bible, within a single verse.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole use of `{{H5919}}` is found in [[Psalms 140:3]], where the psalmist describes the words of the wicked. The verse states, "They have sharpened their tongues like a serpent; **adders'** poison is under their lips." In this context, the adder is not a literal animal but a powerful metaphor for the destructive and venomous nature of malicious speech, with its poison representing the deadly effect of slander and lies.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words from its only biblical context illuminate the meaning of `{{H5919}}`:
* `{{H5175}}` **nâchâsh** (serpent): Used in direct parallel with "adder" in [[Psalms 140:3]], this general term for snake is famously associated with the subtle deception in the garden [[Genesis 3:1]].
* `{{H2534}}` **chêmâh** (poison): This word is explicitly linked to the adder in the phrase "**adders'** poison." It also carries the meaning of heat, anger, and wrath, highlighting the passionate fury behind the venomous words [[Nahum 1:2]].
* `{{H3956}}` **lâshôwn** (tongue): This is the instrument of the speech being described. The wicked "whet their **tongue** like a sword" [[Psalms 64:3]], and it is the source from which life and death can come [[Proverbs 18:21]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H5919}}` is concentrated in its powerful metaphorical use.
* **The Weaponization of Speech:** The adder symbolizes how human words can become weapons. The wicked sharpen `{{H8150}}` their tongues `{{H3956}}`, and the result is a poison as deadly as an adder's, located "under their lips" `{{H8193}}` [[Psalms 140:3]].
* **Hidden and Deceptive Danger:** The imagery of a coiled adder suggests a threat that is hidden, waiting, and attacks suddenly. This connects to the theme of deceitful speech, which often appears harmless on the surface but conceals destructive intent.
* **A Portrait of Wickedness:** By associating the speech of the wicked with a serpent `{{H5175}}` and an adder `{{H5919}}`, the psalmist paints a stark picture of evil. Their words are not merely empty but are actively malicious and poisonous.
### Summary
In summary, while **ʻakshûwb** `{{H5919}}` is an exceedingly rare word, its single appearance in scripture is impactful. It functions exclusively as a metaphor to illustrate a profound spiritual truth: that words can be as dangerous and deadly as the venom of a coiled snake. Its usage in [[Psalms 140:3]] serves as a potent warning about the destructive power of the human tongue when used for evil.
TRV