### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word `{{H5484}}` (סוּסָה, *çûwçâh*) is primarily defined as a "mare," serving as the feminine form of `{{H5483}}` (סוּס, *sûs*), which means "horse." The addition of the *-ah* suffix indicates femininity. Beyond its literal meaning of a female horse, the definition also extends to "company of horses," suggesting a potential collective usage or a troop of mares. This broader semantic range implies that while the word denotes a specific animal, it can also, in certain contexts, refer to a group associated with that animal, particularly a group of mares or a cavalry unit composed of them. Its singular appearance in the biblical text, however, focuses almost exclusively on the individual "mare."
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The word `{{H5484}}` (סוּסָה) appears only once in the Hebrew Bible, found in [[Song of Solomon 1:9]]: "To me, my love, you are like a mare among Pharaoh's chariots."
This solitary occurrence is a striking simile within a highly poetic and intimate context. The speaker, the lover, compares the beloved to a "mare" (סוּסָה) amidst the grand display of "Pharaoh's chariots." To fully appreciate this comparison, one must understand the cultural significance of horses and chariots in the ancient Near East. Pharaoh's chariots represented the pinnacle of military power, wealth, and organized might. They were a formidable and impressive sight, embodying imperial strength and splendor.
Within this context, the beloved is likened to a *mare*. Mares were highly valued animals, often prized for their beauty, grace, vitality, and spirited nature. Unlike stallions, which might be associated more with raw power or aggression, mares could embody elegance and a certain allure. The comparison is not to a mere horse, but specifically to a mare, highlighting a distinct feminine beauty and perhaps a unique, captivating presence that stands out even amidst overwhelming power and grandeur. The beloved is not simply *part* of the powerful display, but is seen as uniquely beautiful and desirable *within* or *against* that backdrop, perhaps even transcending it. This simile suggests that the beloved's beauty is not only remarkable but also possesses a certain dynamic energy and allure, akin to a spirited and valuable mare.
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary related word is `{{H5483}}` (סוּס, *sûs*), the masculine noun for "horse," from which `{{H5484}}` is derived. The broader concept of the "horse" in the Bible signifies strength, military power, speed, and often human reliance on earthly might rather than divine power (e.g., [[Psalm 20:7]], [[Isaiah 31:1]]). However, in the context of Song of Solomon, the focus shifts from military might to the specific qualities of a mare.
Another related concept is `{{H7398}}` (רֶכֶב, *rekeb*), which refers to a "chariot" or a "company of chariots/riders." This word is directly implicated in the phrase "Pharaoh's chariots," providing the powerful, majestic, yet impersonal backdrop against which the singular beauty of the "mare" is highlighted.
The use of simile and poetic imagery is a key concept here. The comparison is not literal but aims to evoke a profound sense of admiration and attraction. It speaks to the discerning eye of the lover who perceives extraordinary beauty and value in the beloved, elevating her above the commonplace and even above the impressive displays of worldly power.
### Theological Significance
While `{{H5484}}` appears in a book primarily understood as a celebration of human love, its presence within the biblical canon allows for deeper theological reflection, especially through allegorical or typological interpretations of the Song of Solomon.
1. **Beauty and Value in the Eyes of God:** If the Song is interpreted as an allegory for the relationship between God and Israel, or Christ and the Church, then the "mare" (the beloved) represents the people of God. Just as the mare stands out amidst Pharaoh's chariots, so too is God's chosen people uniquely beautiful and cherished in His sight, even when surrounded by the overwhelming power and splendor of the world. Their beauty is not derived from worldly might but from their relationship with the Divine Lover. This highlights God's particular affection and discerning eye for His covenant people, seeing unparalleled value where the world might see only weakness or insignificance.
2. **The Sanctity of Human Love:** On a literal level, the simile elevates human marital love to a sacred plane. The lover's deep admiration for the beloved, expressed through such a striking and culturally significant comparison, underscores the profound beauty, vitality, and desirability within a committed, intimate relationship. It suggests that true love sees and cherishes a unique, spirited beauty in the beloved that transcends external displays of power or wealth. This can be seen as a reflection of God's design for human relationship, imbued with dignity and profound affection.
3. **Contrast Between Worldly Power and Spiritual Allure:** The "Pharaoh's chariots" symbolize worldly power, might, and perhaps even the temptations or distractions of the world. The "mare" represents a different kind of beauty and allure—one that is personal, vibrant, and perhaps more spirited or graceful than the brute force of a chariot army. This can be interpreted as a theological statement that true beauty and value, particularly spiritual beauty, are not found in worldly displays of power but in a unique, cherished relationship.
### Summary
The Hebrew word `{{H5484}}` (סוּסָס, *çûwçâh*), meaning "mare" or "company of horses," holds singular significance through its sole biblical occurrence in [[Song of Solomon 1:9]]. Here, it functions as a profound simile, comparing the beloved to a beautiful and spirited mare amidst the powerful backdrop of Pharaoh's chariots. This imagery highlights the beloved's unique beauty, vitality, and desirability, which stands out and captivates the lover's gaze, transcending even the grandeur of worldly power. Theologically, this comparison underscores the special value and cherished beauty of God's people (in allegorical interpretations) or the profound and discerning nature of human love (in literal interpretations). It serves as a testament to the idea that true beauty and worth are often found in unique, spirited individuals rather than in overwhelming displays of might, reflecting a divine appreciation for distinctiveness and grace.
TRV