or סֻס; from an unused root meaning to skip (properly, for joy); a horse (as leaping); also a swallow (from its rapid flight); crane, horse (-back, -hoof). Compare פָּרָשׁ.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **çûwç**, represented by `{{H5483}}`, is the primary term for a **horse**. It appears 140 times across 131 unique verses. Derived from an unused root meaning "to skip," its definition encompasses the horse's leaping movement, as well as the rapid flight of a swallow or crane.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{H5483}}` is overwhelmingly associated with military power and wealth. The combination of "horses and chariots" serves as a common descriptor for an army's strength [[Deuteronomy 20:1]]. Israel's kings were specifically warned not to multiply **horses** for themselves, particularly from Egypt [[Deuteronomy 17:16]]. The term also appears in supernatural contexts, such as the "horses of fire" that surrounded Elisha [[2 Kings 6:17]]. In a less common usage, its meaning of rapid movement is applied to birds, as when Hezekiah laments, "Like a **crane** or a swallow, so did I chatter" [[Isaiah 38:14]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words build upon the context of the horse in ancient life and warfare:
* `{{H7393}}` **rekeb** (a vehicle; by implication, a team): This word for **chariot** is the most frequent companion to `{{H5483}}`, together forming the core of ancient military might. Their pairing illustrates a common object of human trust [[Psalms 20:7]].
* `{{H7392}}` **râkab** (to ride): This verb defines the primary action associated with the horse. It is often translated as **rider**, highlighting the partnership between man and animal in both travel and battle, as seen in the defeat of Pharaoh's army [[Exodus 15:1]].
* `{{H6571}}` **pârâsh** (horseman): This term for a driver or cavalry is often listed with horses and chariots to provide a complete picture of a formidable army [[Isaiah 31:1]]. Its definition explicitly compares it to `{{H5483}}`.
* `{{H6505}}` **pered** (mule): Often listed alongside horses, the **mule** was another important animal for transport and labor. Both are used together in a proverb about the need for guidance [[Psalms 32:9]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H5483}}` is significant, often serving as a symbol of earthly power in contrast to divine strength.
* **A Symbol of Misplaced Trust:** Scripture frequently cautions against relying on the strength of the **horse** for salvation. The Lord does not delight "in the strength of the **horse**" [[Psalms 147:10]], and victory in battle ultimately comes from Him, even though "The **horse** is prepared against the day of battle" [[Proverbs 21:31]].
* **An Instrument of Divine Power:** God is depicted as the master over all creation, including the power symbolized by horses. He can overthrow kingdoms, causing "**horses** and their riders" to fall [[Haggai 2:22]], and can even make the house of Judah "as his goodly **horse** in the battle" [[Zechariah 10:3]].
* **A Metaphor for Human Folly:** The horse is used to illustrate untamed and foolish behavior. Unrepentant people are described "as the **horse** rusheth into the battle" [[Jeremiah 8:6]], and believers are warned not to be like the **horse**, "which have no understanding" and must be controlled with bit and bridle [[Psalms 32:9]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H5483}}` is more than a simple word for an animal. It is a cornerstone symbol in the Old Testament for military might, royal power, and wealth. The term is consistently used to create a sharp contrast between the fleeting, unreliable strength of man and the ultimate, saving power of God. From the battlefields of kings to the visions of prophets, the **horse** serves as a potent reminder that true safety is found not in earthly force, but in the Lord.
TRV