### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **nâkal**, represented by `{{H5230}}`, is a primitive root meaning **to defraud, i.e. act treacherously; beguile, conspire, deceiver, deal subtilly**. It appears **4 times** across **4 unique verses** in the Bible, signifying a range of actions rooted in malicious deception and betrayal.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical usage, `{{H5230}}` describes various forms of treachery. It is used to depict a premeditated plot when Joseph's brothers **conspired** against him with the intent to kill him [[Genesis 37:18]]. It also characterizes the cunning strategy of an enemy, as when the Egyptians were moved to **deal subtilly** with the Israelites [[Psalms 105:25]]. The word can mean to **beguiled**, as seen when the Midianites deceived Israel in the matter of Peor [[Numbers 25:18]]. Finally, it serves as a label for a person, with a curse being pronounced upon the **deceiver** who knowingly offers a corrupt sacrifice to God [[Malachi 1:14]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the context and consequences of actions described by `{{H5230}}`:
* `{{H5231}}` **nêkel** (from נָכַל; deceit; wile): This noun, derived from `{{H5230}}`, refers to the specific "wiles" used to deceive. It appears in [[Numbers 25:18]], where the Israelites are "beguiled" through these deceptive methods.
* `{{H6887}}` **tsârar** (to... vex): This verb describes the hostile affliction that results from deception. In [[Numbers 25:18]], the Midianites "vex" Israel with the same wiles wherewith they "beguiled" them.
* `{{H8130}}` **sânêʼ** (to hate): This word often reveals the motivation behind treacherous acts. In [[Psalms 105:25]], the turning of the heart "to hate" God's people precedes the action to "deal subtilly" with them.
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H5230}}` is significant, highlighting the severe nature of treachery and deceit.
* **Betrayal and Conspiracy:** The word is used to frame the sinful plot against Joseph by his brothers, establishing it as a profound violation of family and covenant bonds [[Genesis 37:18]].
* **Deceit in Worship:** In Malachi, `{{H5230}}` defines a "deceiver" as one who breaks a vow to God by offering a blemished sacrifice. This act brings a curse, linking deceit directly to profane worship [[Malachi 1:14]].
* **The Cunning of Adversaries:** The word is used to describe the methods of those hostile to God's people. This shows that opposition is not always overt but can be subtle and strategic, as when Israel was "beguiled" by wiles [[Numbers 25:18]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H5230}}` is a potent term for treachery in its various forms. Though it appears infrequently, its uses are pivotal, marking moments of conspiracy, subtle hostility, and hypocritical worship. From the betrayal within a family to the cunning of enemy nations, **nâkal** consistently points to the grave sin of acting deceitfully against others and against God.
TRV