The Hebrew word nâkeh, represented by H5223, is a term for being smitten. It appears 3 times across 3 unique verses in the Bible. Its definition encompasses both a literal state of being maimed or lame, and a figurative one of being dejected or contrite.
In its biblical usage, H5223 describes both physical and spiritual conditions. It is used twice to describe the physical state of Mephibosheth, Jonathan's son. The narrative explains that after a fall in his childhood, he became lame of his feet 2 Samuel 4:4. This same word is used years later when David seeks to show kindness to Saul's house and is told of a son of Jonathan who is lame on his feet 2 Samuel 9:3. Figuratively, the term is used in Isaiah 66:2 to identify a spiritual quality the LORD values, stating He will look upon him that is "poor and of a contrite spirit."
Several related words help clarify the meaning of H5223 in its different contexts:
- H6452 pâçach: A root word meaning "to limp, to become lame." This term is used in the same verse as H5223 to explain the origin of Mephibosheth's condition, stating that after he fell, he "became lame" 2 Samuel 4:4.
- H6041 ʻânîy: This word means "depressed, in mind or circumstances; afflicted, humble, lowly, needy, poor." It is used directly alongside H5223 in Isaiah 66:2, where God expresses favor for the one who is "poor and of a contrite spirit," linking a humble state with a contrite heart.
- H7307 rûwach: Defined as "wind... breath... spirit," this term is what is described as "contrite" in Isaiah 66:2. This shifts the application of H5223 from a physical body to a person's inner spirit.
The theological weight of H5223 is seen in its contrast between physical and spiritual states.
- Physical Brokenness: The term is used literally to describe Mephibosheth's physical disability 2 Samuel 4:4. This condition of being lame sets the stage for him to receive undeserved kindness from King David 2 Samuel 9:3.
- Spiritual Humility: In Isaiah, the word is elevated to a positive spiritual attribute. A "contrite spirit" is not a sign of worthlessness but a posture of humility that God specifically looks upon with favor Isaiah 66:2.
- Condition for God's Favor: The state of being "contrite" is presented alongside being "poor" and one who "trembleth at my word" Isaiah 66:2. This indicates that a spirit "smitten" with reverence and humility is a quality that attracts God's attention.
In summary, H5223 carries a dual meaning that bridges physical impairment and spiritual disposition. It describes the literal, lifelong state of being lame, as seen in Mephibosheth, while also defining the figurative, desirable quality of a contrite spirit that God values. The word powerfully illustrates how a concept of being physically "smitten" can be transformed to represent a heart humbled before God.
TRV