The Hebrew word mamrôr, represented by H4472, is a term for bitterness. Derived from a root meaning bitterness, it is used figuratively to describe calamity. It appears only 1 time across 1 unique verse in the Bible, making its sole usage particularly significant.
The single appearance of H4472 is found in the book of Job, where Job expresses the depth of his suffering. In his lament, he states that God "will not suffer me to take my breath, but filleth me with bitterness" Job 9:18. Here, the word conveys a suffering that is not merely present but is all-consuming, a calamity that has completely saturated his being, leaving no room for even a moment of relief.
The words used alongside H4472 in its only scriptural context illuminate its meaning:
- H5414 nâthan (to give, suffer, put): In Job 9:18, this word, translated as "suffer" in the sense of "allow," establishes that Job's inability to find relief is divinely permitted. It is also used when God promises to give his people a new heart and spirit Ezekiel 36:26.
- H7725 shûwb (to turn back, return, take): Job uses this word to describe being unable to "take" his breath, a returning action that is denied to him. This contrasts with its common usage of people being called to turn back to God 2 Chronicles 7:14.
- H7307 rûwach (breath, spirit): This is what Job is denied. Representing life and vitality, its absence, coupled with the presence of bitterness, paints a picture of living death. This same word is used for the Spirit of God that brings life and power Isaiah 61:1.
- H7646 sâbaʻ (to sate, i.e. fill to satisfaction): This word dramatically intensifies the meaning of bitterness. Job is not just touched by calamity; he is "filled" with it to the point of saturation. This is a stark contrast to how God satisfies the longing soul with goodness Psalms 107:9.
The theological weight of H4472 is concentrated in its singular, powerful use.
- The Nature of Calamity: The term defines suffering not as a passing trial but as an overwhelming, figurative substance. Being filled with bitterness is to be consumed by calamity itself.
- A Portrait of Despair: Paired with the denial of breath H7307, H4472 captures a state of profound despair where life-giving relief is replaced entirely by life-crushing bitterness.
- The Problem of Suffering: Its use in Job 9:18 frames the central question of the book: the experience of a righteous person being "filled" with calamity by a God who elsewhere is shown to "satisfy" his people with good things Psalms 103:5.
In summary, H4472 is a rare but potent word. Its single occurrence in Job 9:18 provides a critical definition for a specific type of suffering: a deep, consuming calamity. Framed by words of divine action, denied breath, and being filled to capacity, mamrôr encapsulates the profound bitterness at the heart of Job's struggle and gives voice to an experience of overwhelming despair.
TRV