### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **Mikmâç**, represented by `{{H4363}}`, identifies a place in Palestine meaning **hidden**. It appears **11 times** across **11 unique verses** and is also rendered as Mikmas or Mikmash. Primarily known as a strategic location, its name is tied to significant military confrontations and post-exilic resettlement.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, Michmash `{{H4363}}` serves as a key setting for the conflict between Israel under King Saul and the Philistines. Saul initially stationed two thousand of his chosen men there [[1 Samuel 13:2]]. Later, the Philistines used it as a major encampment, gathering an immense army with chariots and horsemen ([[1 Samuel 13:5]], [[1 Samuel 13:16]]). The "passage of Michmash" [[1 Samuel 13:23]] was a strategic point controlled by a Philistine garrison. The site's difficult terrain, with a sharp cliff situate northward [[1 Samuel 14:5]], played a role in the battle where Israel, initially faint, ultimately smote the Philistines from Michmash to Aijalon [[1 Samuel 14:31]]. It is also mentioned prophetically by Isaiah as a place where an invading army would lay up its carriages [[Isaiah 10:28]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related places are mentioned in connection with Michmash, defining its geographical and historical context:
* `{{H1390}}` **Gibʻâh** (Gibeah): This location, often called "Gibeah of Benjamin," was the base for Jonathan's forces and where Saul's family abode while the Philistines were at Michmash ([[1 Samuel 13:2]], [[1 Samuel 13:16]]). It stood southward, opposite Michmash [[1 Samuel 14:5]].
* `{{H1387}}` **Gebaʻ** (Geba): The children of Benjamin are noted as dwelling at Michmash from Geba, indicating a regional connection [[Nehemiah 11:31]].
* `{{H1007}}` **Bêyth ʼÂven** (Beth-aven): A place defined as a "house of vanity," it was located to the west of the Philistine encampment at Michmash [[1 Samuel 13:5]].
* `{{H1008}}` **Bêyth-ʼÊl** (Bethel): A significant town where Saul stationed troops near Michmash [[1 Samuel 13:2]]. It was later resettled by the children of Benjamin along with Michmash and Aija [[Nehemiah 11:31]].
### Theological Significance
The significance of `{{H4363}}` is primarily geographical and historical, marking a place of critical importance for Israel.
* **Strategic Military Position:** Michmash was a vital encampment and garrison town. Its control was central to military campaigns in the territory of Benjamin, as shown by its occupation by both Israelite and Philistine forces ([[1 Samuel 13:2]], [[1 Samuel 13:5]]). The "passage" of Michmash was a key tactical feature [[1 Samuel 13:23]].
* **Post-Exilic Heritage:** After the exile, Michmash was resettled by the children of Benjamin, re-establishing their claim to the land [[Nehemiah 11:31]]. The men of Michmas were counted among those who returned, signifying its importance to the restored community ([[Ezra 2:27]], [[Nehemiah 7:31]]).
* **Prophetic Landmark:** The city's inclusion in Isaiah's prophecy illustrates its position on a known route of invasion, giving it significance beyond a single historical event [[Isaiah 10:28]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4363}}` is more than a geographical name; it is a place of conflict, strategy, and restoration. From its role as a battlefield in the days of Saul to its resettlement by the tribe of Benjamin after the exile, Michmash represents a key location in the heartland of Israel, integral to both its military history and its enduring tribal identity.
TRV