### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **môwrâṭ**, represented by `{{H4178}}`, is derived from the root יָרַט and is defined as **peeled**, with related meanings of obstinate or independent. It appears 5 times across 5 unique verses in the Bible. While its base definition relates to being stripped, its application in scripture extends to describe objects that are polished to a shine, such as a weapon or metalwork.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical usage, `{{H4178}}` carries a dual sense of being stripped down or polished to a shine. In the prophecies of Isaiah, it describes a "nation scattered and **peeled**" [[Isaiah 18:2]], a people whose land the rivers have "spoiled" [[Isaiah 18:7]]. Conversely, in Ezekiel, the same word describes a sword that is **furbished** to make it glitter, prepared for slaughter [[Ezekiel 21:10]]. This sense of being polished is also seen in 1 Kings, where the vessels made for the house of the LORD are described as being made of **bright** brass [[1 Kings 7:45]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning of `{{H4178}}`:
* `{{H4803}}` **mâraṭ**: As a primitive root meaning "to polish... furbish, peeled," this verb is the source of `{{H4178}}`. Its usage ranges from a shoulder being "peeled" from hard labor [[Ezekiel 29:18]] to plucking off hair as a sign of grief [[Ezra 9:3]] and furbishing a sword for battle [[Ezekiel 21:9]].
* `{{H2300}}` **châdad**: Meaning "to sharpen," this word is paired directly with `{{H4178}}` in Ezekiel's prophecy of the sword that is "sharpened, and it is furbished" [[Ezekiel 21:11]].
* `{{H1300}}` **bârâq**: This term for "lightning" or "a gleam" describes the outcome of the action of `{{H4178}}`. The sword in Ezekiel is furbished so that it may "glitter" [[Ezekiel 21:10]].
* `{{H4900}}` **mâshak**: Translated as "scattered," this word describes the state of the nation that is also called "peeled" `{{H4178}}`, providing a broader context for their condition [[Isaiah 18:2]].
* `{{H5178}}` **nᵉchôsheth**: Meaning "brass" or "copper," this word is used to identify the material of the "bright" `{{H4178}}` vessels in the temple [[1 Kings 7:45]].
### Theological Significance
The varied applications of `{{H4178}}` carry significant weight, illustrating themes of divine purpose, judgment, and holiness.
* **Polished for Judgment:** In Ezekiel, a "furbished" sword represents judgment that is deliberate and prepared. The sword is sharpened `{{H2300}}` and polished `{{H4178}}` to be given "into the hand of the slayer," signifying a divine sentence that is both severe and ready to be executed [[Ezekiel 21:11]].
* **Sanctity in Service:** When used for the temple vessels, the word highlights the concept of sanctification. The "bright brass" [[1 Kings 7:45]] suggests that items dedicated to the LORD are to be perfected and shining, reflecting the holiness of their use in His house.
* **A People Made Ready:** The description of a nation as "peeled" in Isaiah presents a dual image. It depicts a people who have been stripped and whose land is "spoiled" [[Isaiah 18:2]]. However, these same people are ultimately brought as a "present unto the LORD" [[Isaiah 18:7]], suggesting that the process of being "peeled" may also be a form of refinement that prepares them for a divine purpose.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4178}}` **môwrâṭ** is a multifaceted term that moves beyond a simple definition of "peeled." It encompasses the ideas of being furbished, polished, and bright. Whether describing a nation stripped of its power, a sword prepared for judgment, or sacred vessels shining in the temple, the word consistently points to a state of being acted upon for a specific end. It illustrates how a single term can convey the harshness of being laid bare and the brilliance of being perfected for a divine purpose.
TRV