### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **lâshan**, represented by `{{H3960}}`, is a primitive root used to mean **to wag the tongue**, which translates to **calumniate**, **accuse**, or **slander**. Though its root meaning relates to licking, it is used exclusively in scripture to describe malicious speech. It appears **3 times** across **2 unique verses**, indicating its specific and serious application.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical usage, `{{H3960}}` denotes a destructive and condemned form of speech. In [[Psalms 101:5]], it is used to describe one who secretly "slandereth" his neighbor, an act that God promises to "cut off." This context links the act of slander with secrecy and a severe, decisive judgment. In [[Proverbs 30:10]], the word is translated as "Accuse," warning against bringing a false charge against a servant to his master. This specific prohibition highlights the injustice of slandering the vulnerable, which results in a curse and guilt upon the accuser.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words from the primary passages clarify the context and consequences of `{{H3960}}`:
* `{{H5643}}` **çêther** (privily): This word for a cover or secret place emphasizes that the slander in [[Psalms 101:5]] is a hidden, backbiting attack.
* `{{H7453}}` **rêaʻ** (neighbour): As an associate, companion, or friend, this term defines the target of the slander, making the act a betrayal of community trust.
* `{{H6789}}` **tsâmath** (cut off): This term for the consequence of slander means to extirpate or destroy, showing the ultimate seriousness with which God views the act.
* `{{H7043}}` **qâlal** (curse): The result of falsely accusing a servant is a curse, a term that can also mean to be made light of or vile.
* `{{H816}}` **ʼâsham** (be found guilty): The accuser in [[Proverbs 30:10]] will not escape retribution but will be held guilty and punished for the offense.
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H3960}}` is significant, underscoring God's opposition to malicious speech.
* **Condemnation of Secret Sin:** The use of `{{H3960}}` alongside `{{H5643}}` in [[Psalms 101:5]] frames slander as a covert act that is nonetheless seen and judged by God.
* **Divine Justice:** The consequence for slandering a neighbor is to be "cut off" `{{H6789}}`, revealing that such speech is not a minor infraction but an offense that warrants complete removal from the community in God's eyes.
* **Protection of the Vulnerable:** The prohibition in [[Proverbs 30:10]] against accusing a servant demonstrates a divine concern for social justice. Falsely accusing those in a lower social position is an abuse that leads directly to being found "guilty" `{{H816}}`.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H3960}}` is far more than simple gossip; it is a term for destructive slander and false accusation. Occurring in contexts that highlight its secretive nature and its devastating impact on both neighbor and servant, **lâshan** is an action met with severe divine consequences. Its limited use in scripture underscores the gravity of wielding the tongue as a weapon, an act that God promises to judge and eliminate.
TRV