לָשַׁן

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Hebrew word lâshan, represented by H3960, is a primitive root used to mean to wag the tongue, which translates to calumniate, accuse, or slander. Though its root meaning relates to licking, it is used exclusively in scripture to describe malicious speech. It appears 3 times across 2 unique verses, indicating its specific and serious application.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In its biblical usage, H3960 denotes a destructive and condemned form of speech. In Psalms 101:5, it is used to describe one who secretly "slandereth" his neighbor, an act that God promises to "cut off." This context links the act of slander with secrecy and a severe, decisive judgment. In Proverbs 30:10, the word is translated as "Accuse," warning against bringing a false charge against a servant to his master. This specific prohibition highlights the injustice of slandering the vulnerable, which results in a curse and guilt upon the accuser.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words from the primary passages clarify the context and consequences of H3960:

• H5643 çêther (privily): This word for a cover or secret place emphasizes that the slander in Psalms 101:5 is a hidden, backbiting attack.
• H7453 rêaʻ (neighbour): As an associate, companion, or friend, this term defines the target of the slander, making the act a betrayal of community trust.
• H6789 tsâmath (cut off): This term for the consequence of slander means to extirpate or destroy, showing the ultimate seriousness with which God views the act.
• H7043 qâlal (curse): The result of falsely accusing a servant is a curse, a term that can also mean to be made light of or vile.
• H816 ʼâsham (be found guilty): The accuser in Proverbs 30:10 will not escape retribution but will be held guilty and punished for the offense.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of H3960 is significant, underscoring God's opposition to malicious speech.

• Condemnation of Secret Sin: The use of H3960 alongside H5643 in Psalms 101:5 frames slander as a covert act that is nonetheless seen and judged by God.
• Divine Justice: The consequence for slandering a neighbor is to be "cut off" H6789, revealing that such speech is not a minor infraction but an offense that warrants complete removal from the community in God's eyes.
• Protection of the Vulnerable: The prohibition in Proverbs 30:10 against accusing a servant demonstrates a divine concern for social justice. Falsely accusing those in a lower social position is an abuse that leads directly to being found "guilty" H816.

Summary

In summary, H3960 is far more than simple gossip; it is a term for destructive slander and false accusation. Occurring in contexts that highlight its secretive nature and its devastating impact on both neighbor and servant, lâshan is an action met with severe divine consequences. Its limited use in scripture underscores the gravity of wielding the tongue as a weapon, an act that God promises to judge and eliminate.