### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **ʼakzâr**, represented by `{{H393}}`, is defined as violent, deadly, brave, **cruel**, or **fierce**. The term is derived from an unused root apparently meaning to act harshly. It is a rare but potent word, appearing only **4 times** across **4 unique verses** in the Bible.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The word `{{H393}}` is used to describe severe and often unnatural forms of hostility or danger. In [[Deuteronomy 32:33]], it characterizes the **cruel** venom of asps, highlighting its deadly nature. The book of Job uses it twice: first, to describe a creature so **fierce** that no one would dare stir it up [[Job 41:10]], and second, as an accusation against God, whom Job claims has become **cruel** to him with a strong hand [[Job 30:21]]. Finally, in Lamentations, the prophet declares that "the daughter of my people is become **cruel**," comparing their neglect to that of ostriches in the wilderness [[Lamentations 4:3]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the contexts in which `{{H393}}` is used:
* `{{H2534}}` **chêmâh** (poison, wrath): This word appears alongside `{{H393}}` in [[Deuteronomy 32:33]]. Its dual meaning of **poison** and "fury" connects the idea of cruelty with both lethal substances and intense anger.
* `{{H2015}}` **hâphak** (to become, change, turn): In [[Job 30:21]], Job states that God has **become** cruel. This verb emphasizes a transformation, suggesting a change from a state of benevolence to one of harsh opposition.
* `{{H1323}}` **bath** (daughter): Used figuratively in [[Lamentations 4:3]] to personify the people of God. It is this "daughter of my people" who is described as having become cruel, showing a breakdown of natural and covenantal affection.
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H393}}` lies in its portrayal of extreme forces and moral collapse.
* **Unnatural Cruelty:** The word captures a profound moral failure. In [[Lamentations 4:3]], the cruelty of God's people is depicted as unnatural, as they fail to care for their own in a way that even **sea monsters** `{{H8577}}` would not.
* **The Experience of Divine Hostility:** The term gives language to the human experience of suffering under what feels like divine opposition. Job uses it to articulate his pain, framing God's actions not as discipline but as the work of a **cruel** `{{H393}}` adversary [[Job 30:21]].
* **Overwhelming Fierceness:** When describing the creature in [[Job 41:10]], its fierceness serves to magnify God's power. If no one can stand before this **fierce** `{{H393}}` creature, the verse implies, who then could possibly stand before God?
### Summary
In summary, `{{H393}}` is more than a simple descriptor of unkindness. It conveys a sense of destructive, overwhelming, and sometimes unnatural force. Whether describing the deadly **venom** of a serpent, the untamable nature of a beast, the moral decay of a nation, or the perceived antagonism of God himself, **ʼakzâr** points to a level of harshness that is both formidable and devastating.
TRV