### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **ʼîy**, represented by `{{H337}}`, is an exclamation of **alas!** or **woe**. Though used sparingly, appearing only **2 times** in **2 unique verses**, it delivers a potent expression of distress or a warning of impending misfortune. It is derived from a shorter form of another word for woe.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The two uses of `{{H337}}` in scripture appear in the book of Ecclesiastes, each highlighting a different source of calamity. The first instance is a declaration of **woe** upon a **land** `{{H776}}` suffering under poor leadership, where the **king** `{{H4428}}` is a **child** `{{H5288}}` and its leaders are self-indulgent [[Ecclesiastes 10:16]]. The second instance pronounces **woe** upon a person who is **alone** `{{H259}}` and falls, having no one to help them up, emphasizing the peril of isolation [[Ecclesiastes 4:10]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the conditions that bring about this state of woe:
* `{{H5307}}` **nâphal** (to fall): This action is the catalyst for woe in the context of isolation. The warning is specifically for the one who **falleth** without the support of a companion [[Ecclesiastes 4:10]].
* `{{H259}}` **ʼechâd** (one; alone): This word describes the state of solitude that makes a person vulnerable. The woe is directed at him that is **alone** when he falls, in contrast to the one who has a fellow [[Ecclesiastes 4:10]].
* `{{H2270}}` **châbêr** (companion, fellow): The absence of a **fellow** is the direct cause of the woe described. The verse illustrates that having a companion to lift you up is the remedy for this specific distress [[Ecclesiastes 4:10]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H337}}` is concentrated in its function as a solemn warning.
* **Warning Against Failed Governance:** The term is used to declare a state of misfortune upon a nation whose leadership is immature and corrupt. The **woe** pronounced upon the **land** `{{H776}}` links national suffering directly to the character of its **king** `{{H4428}}` and **princes** `{{H8269}}` [[Ecclesiastes 10:16]].
* **Vulnerability in Isolation:** Scripture uses `{{H337}}` to underscore the profound danger of being without community. The "woe" is not simply for falling, but for falling while **alone** `{{H259}}`, highlighting the inherent need for mutual support and companionship to navigate life's perils [[Ecclesiastes 4:10]].
### Summary
In summary, while `{{H337}}` is a rare term, its meaning is sharp and clear. As an exclamation of **woe** or **alas!**, it serves as a powerful cautionary sign. It is used in Ecclesiastes to condemn both the societal decay that results from poor leadership and the personal vulnerability that comes from isolation, affirming the biblical importance of both righteous governance and steadfast companionship.
TRV