### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew lemma יָגַב (yâgab, `{{H3009}}`) is identified as a primitive root, carrying the core meaning of "to dig" or "to plow." Its semantic range primarily encompasses the physical act of tilling the ground, preparing it for cultivation. This root inherently points to agricultural labor, the arduous yet foundational work of breaking up and turning over the soil to facilitate planting and growth. While the root itself signifies the action, its derived forms often refer to the one who performs this action, hence "husbandman" or "plower."
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The root יָגַב (yâgab, `{{H3009}}`) is exceptionally rare in the Masoretic Text, appearing only once in its participial form. This sole occurrence is found in [[2 Chronicles 26:10]], which describes the extensive and prosperous reign of King Uzziah of Judah: "He also built towers in the desert and dug many cisterns, for he had much livestock both in the Shephelah and in the plain. He had farmers (יֹגְבִים - yogevim, a plural participle from יָגַב) and vinedressers in the hills and in the fertile lands, for he loved the soil."
In this context, the "yogevim" are those engaged in the primary agricultural task of plowing or tilling the land. The verse highlights Uzziah's comprehensive development of his kingdom's resources, including both pastoral and agricultural enterprises. The mention of "yogevim" alongside "vinedressers" underscores the diverse and intensive cultivation efforts under his rule. This single usage, though limited, firmly grounds the word in the realm of practical, hands-on agricultural work, essential for sustenance and economic prosperity in an agrarian society. It speaks to the diligence and foresight required to manage a thriving kingdom.
### Related Words & Concepts
The concept of tilling and working the land is foundational in the Hebrew Bible, connecting יָגַב (yâgab, `{{H3009}}`) to several related terms and ideas:
* **Agricultural Labor:** Other verbs describing agricultural activity include חָרַשׁ (charash, `{{H2790}}`), "to plow" or "to engrave," and זָרַע (zaraʿ, `{{H2232}}`), "to sow." While יָגַב specifically denotes the initial act of breaking ground, these words collectively describe the full cycle of cultivation.
* **Labor and Service:** The broader concept of work or service is conveyed by עָבַד (ʿavad, `{{H5647}}`), "to work" or "to serve," which is often used in relation to tilling the ground (e.g., [[Genesis 2:15]]).
* **Land and Soil:** The objects of this labor are אֲדָמָה (adamah, `{{H127}}`), "ground" or "soil," and אֶרֶץ (erets, `{{H776}}`), "land" or "earth," which are the very medium upon which the "yogevim" operate.
* **Husbandman/Farmer:** The role of the farmer is central, and while "yogevim" is a specific term for "plowers," the general term for a man (אִישׁ, ish, `{{H376}}`) combined with agricultural activity often denotes a farmer.
### Theological Significance
Though יָגַב (yâgab, `{{H3009}}`) appears infrequently, its presence points to several significant theological themes:
* **Stewardship of Creation:** The act of plowing or tilling the earth directly relates to God's initial command to humanity in [[Genesis 2:15]] to "work" (עָבַד, ʿavad, `{{H5647}}`) and "keep" (שָׁמַר, shamar, `{{H8104}}`) the Garden. While a different verb is used, the essence of cultivating the land for sustenance and flourishing is present. This emphasizes humanity's divinely appointed role as stewards of the earth, responsible for its care and productivity.
* **Dignity of Labor:** Agricultural labor, represented by the "yogevim," was the foundation of Israelite society and economy. The Bible consistently affirms the value and dignity of honest work, viewing it as a means of provision and a reflection of human industry. The prosperity of Uzziah's kingdom, partly attributed to these "plowers," underscores the blessing associated with diligent effort.
* **Dependence on Divine Provision:** The act of plowing is an act of faith. It involves preparing the ground, sowing seeds, and then waiting for God to provide the rain and the growth. Thus, the "yogevim" represent human effort coupled with an inherent dependence on God's sustaining power for the harvest.
* **Foundation for Sustenance:** Plowing is the fundamental step in producing food. It highlights the direct link between human labor and the provision of daily bread, a theme central to the covenant relationship and daily life in ancient Israel.
### Summary
The Hebrew word יָגַב (yâgab, `{{H3009}}`), a primitive root meaning "to dig" or "to plow," is a rare but significant term. Its sole occurrence as a participle, "yogevim" (plowers/husbandmen), in [[2 Chronicles 26:10]] anchors it firmly in the context of diligent agricultural labor foundational to the prosperity of King Uzziah's reign. This word underscores the biblical emphasis on human stewardship of creation, the inherent dignity of physical labor, and the essential role of agriculture in providing sustenance. Despite its limited appearance, יָגַב powerfully evokes the ancient, sacred task of tilling the earth, an act of both human industry and faithful dependence on divine provision.
TRV