### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **chittîyth**, represented by `{{H2851}}`, translates to **fear** or **terror**. It appears 8 times across 8 unique verses in the Bible, exclusively within the prophecies of Ezekiel. The term is consistently used to describe the formidable and intimidating power wielded by great nations and rulers during their time of earthly influence.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical context, `{{H2851}}` is found entirely within laments and judgments against powerful entities. It describes the dread inspired by the "renowned city" of Tyre [[Ezekiel 26:17]] and the might of nations like Elam, Meshech, and Tubal. A recurring phrase, "which caused their terror in the land of the living," emphasizes their past dominance on earth ([[Ezekiel 32:23]], [[Ezekiel 32:24]], [[Ezekiel 32:27]]). However, this terror is always mentioned in the context of their downfall, as they are brought low, slain, and defeated. A pivotal use appears when God declares, "For I have caused my terror in the land of the living," framing all earthly power within His own sovereignty [[Ezekiel 32:32]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words clarify the context and consequences of this terror:
* `{{H2491}}` **châlâl** (pierced (especially to death); slain): This word is consistently found alongside `{{H2851}}`. Those who once caused terror are ultimately described as the "slain," fallen by the sword and brought down to the pit [[Ezekiel 32:24]].
* `{{H3639}}` **kᵉlimmâh** (disgrace; confusion, dishonour, reproach, shame): This represents the final state of the once-feared nations. Their reign of terror ends with them having to "bear their shame" in death, a direct reversal of their former glory ([[Ezekiel 32:24]], [[Ezekiel 32:30]]).
* `{{H5414}}` **nâthan** (to give, used with greatest latitude of application): This verb shows the source of the terror, as in the phrase "which cause their terror" [[Ezekiel 26:17]]. God also uses this verb to assert His ultimate authority, stating "I have caused my terror" [[Ezekiel 32:32]].
* `{{H954}}` **bûwsh** (to be ashamed): This word describes the result of judgment upon the mighty. The princes who once wielded great power are brought down "with their terror they are ashamed of their might" [[Ezekiel 32:30]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H2851}}` is significant in understanding divine judgment and sovereignty.
* **Transience of Earthly Power:** The word is used to build a sharp contrast between the terrifying might of nations "in the land of the living" and their eventual, powerless state as the slain in the pit, highlighting the futility of human strength [[Ezekiel 26:17]].
* **Divine Judgment and Reversal:** The terror caused by powerful rulers is systematically dismantled in Ezekiel's prophecies. Their influence is nullified and replaced with disgrace, demonstrating a divine reversal where the proud are brought low and judged for their actions [[Ezekiel 32:30]].
* **The Sovereignty of God:** By using the same language to describe His own power, God reveals that any terror wielded by men is subordinate to His own. His declaration in [[Ezekiel 32:32]] shows that He is the ultimate source and master of all power.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H2851}}` is a focused term representing the intimidating might of worldly powers. Its exclusive use in Ezekiel's prophecies of judgment serves to contrast the temporary terror caused by kingdoms on earth with their ultimate fate of shame and death. The word powerfully illustrates that all human strength is fleeting and that true, enduring power belongs to God alone.
TRV