### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **chôl**, represented by `{{H2455}}`, is a term for that which is **profane**, **common**, or **unholy**. Derived from the root `{{H2490}}`, it means properly, exposed. Appearing **7 times** in **7 unique verses**, it is consistently used to establish a critical distinction between the sacred and the ordinary, or that which is not set apart for religious use.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In biblical law and prophecy, `{{H2455}}` is used to define a fundamental boundary. Priests are explicitly commanded to "put difference between holy and **unholy**" [[Leviticus 10:10]]. The prophet Ezekiel rebukes the priests of his day for failing in this duty, noting they "have put no difference between the holy and **profane**" [[Ezekiel 22:26]]. The concept also applies to physical spaces, such as the wall separating the sanctuary from the "**profane place**" [[Ezekiel 42:20]] and land designated as a "**profane** place for the city" [[Ezekiel 48:15]]. In a narrative context, it describes "**common**" bread, which is contrasted with "hallowed bread" [[1 Samuel 21:4-5]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the distinction between the sacred and the common:
* `{{H2490}}` **châlal**: This is the root word, meaning to **profane** a person, place or thing, or to break one's word. This action is what turns something from a respected or holy state to a common one, as seen in the accusation of **profaning** a covenant [[Malachi 2:10]].
* `{{H6944}}` **qôdesh**: As the direct antonym of `{{H2455}}`, this word means a **sacred place or thing**, consecrated, hallowed, or **holiness**. It is frequently used in direct contrast to what is profane, as God's people are called to be a "**holy** nation" [[Exodus 19:6]].
* `{{H914}}` **bâdal**: This verb means **to divide, separate, or distinguish**. It is the action required to maintain the boundary between holy and profane. God Himself is shown to have **severed** His people from others to be holy to Him [[Leviticus 20:26]].
* `{{H2931}}` **ṭâmêʼ**: Meaning **foul in a religious sense** or **unclean**, this term is often used in parallel with `{{H2455}}`. The law requires a distinction not only between holy and profane but also between the **unclean** and the clean [[Ezekiel 44:23]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H2455}}` is centered on the nature of God's holiness and humanity's response to it.
* **The Principle of Distinction:** A core tenet of the Law is the requirement to differentiate between what belongs to God and what is for common use. The failure to make this distinction is a grave offense [[Ezekiel 22:26]].
* **Priestly Responsibility:** Priests were specifically tasked with teaching the people the difference between the holy and the **profane** [[Ezekiel 44:23]]. Their role was to guard the sanctity of God's presence and His law.
* **Tangible Holiness:** The concept applies not only to abstract ideas but also to physical places, objects, and even time. A clear separation was made between the sanctuary and the "**profane place**" [[Ezekiel 42:20]], showing that holiness has tangible boundaries.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H2455}}` is more than a label for something sinful; it defines what is "common" in contrast to what is set apart as "holy." It is a cornerstone for understanding the rules of sanctity in the Old Testament. The word highlights God's command to recognize His holiness and to maintain a clear separation between the sacred and the profane in worship, in community life, and in the heart of the individual. This distinction was a fundamental duty for the priests and the people of Israel.
TRV