### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **châṭam**, represented by `{{H2413}}`, is a primitive root meaning **to stop or refrain**. It appears only **1 time** in **1 unique verse** in the Bible, making its sole appearance a significant point of study. Its definition points to an act of holding back or checking a course of action.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The single use of `{{H2413}}` is found in a declaration from God in [[Isaiah 48:9]]. Here, God states that for the sake of His own **name** `{{H8034}}` and **praise** `{{H8416}}`, He will **refrain** from His anger. This act of refraining is explicitly linked to His mercy, as it prevents Him from cutting off His people [[Isaiah 48:9]]. The context shows **châṭam** as a divine act of self-restraint motivated by God's own character and purposes.
### Related Words & Concepts
The meaning of **châṭam** is illuminated by the words surrounding it in its only biblical appearance:
* `{{H748}}` **ʼârak** (to be long, defer): Used in parallel with **châṭam**, this word means to defer or make long. It is used in the context of deferring anger [[Proverbs 19:11]] and prolonging one's days as a blessing [[Exodus 20:12]].
* `{{H639}}` **ʼaph** (the nose, ire, anger): This is the object of God's restraint. It refers to anger or wrath, which God is described as being slow to [[Exodus 34:6]] and which He retains not forever [[Micah 7:18]].
* `{{H3772}}` **kârath** (to cut off): This word signifies the consequence that is avoided through God's act of refraining. It means to cut off or destroy, as seen in the warning that two parts of the land shall be cut off [[Zechariah 13:8]], but is also the root for making a covenant [[Genesis 15:18]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H2413}}` is concentrated in its single appearance, highlighting God's character.
* **Divine Restraint for God's Glory:** The primary reason God "refrains" is for His own **name's** `{{H8034}}` sake and for His **praise** `{{H8416}}`. This demonstrates that God's ultimate motivation for showing mercy is the preservation of His own honor and character [[Isaiah 48:9]].
* **Mercy Preserving the Covenant People:** The act of refraining is what prevents the destruction of God's people. By holding back His anger `{{H639}}`, God prevents them from being "cut off" `{{H3772}}`, thereby showing immense patience and preserving the covenant relationship.
* **The Nature of God's Anger:** The verse distinguishes God's anger from His ultimate purpose. While anger is a valid response, God's decision to **refrain** shows that His character of mercy and His commitment to His own praise can override the execution of judgment.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H2413}}` **châṭam**, though appearing only once, offers a profound insight into divine character. Its sole use in [[Isaiah 48:9]] defines it as an act of deliberate restraint. It is not a sign of weakness, but a demonstration of God's sovereign mercy, enacted for the sake of His own name and praise. This single word encapsulates the theological tension between God's righteous anger and His covenant-keeping faithfulness, revealing a God who refrains from deserved judgment to accomplish His own glorious purposes.
TRV