### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew name **Zerach**, represented by `{{H2226}}`, identifies several individuals in the Old Testament, including Israelites, an Idumaean duke, and an Ethiopian prince. It appears 21 times in 21 unique verses and is also rendered as **Zarah**. The name primarily functions as a genealogical marker, establishing lines of descent and tribal affiliation.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{H2226}}` is used in several key contexts. Most prominently, **Zerah** is one of the twin sons of Judah, born to Tamar [[Genesis 38:30]]. This establishes a major family line within the tribe of Judah, with his descendants being called Zarhites [[Numbers 26:20]]. Centuries later, this lineage is central to the account of Achan, who is identified as a son of **Zerah** and whose trespass brought wrath upon all of Israel ([[Joshua 7:1]], [[Joshua 7:18]]). The name is also borne by a non-Israelite, **Zerah** the Ethiopian, who came against Judah with a massive army and was defeated [[2 Chronicles 14:9]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the context surrounding the name **Zerah**:
* `{{H2227}}` **Zarchîy** (Zarchite): This is the patronymic term for a descendant of **Zerah**, used to identify the family line within Judah and Simeon ([[Numbers 26:20]], [[Numbers 26:13]]).
* `{{H5912}}` **ʻÂkân** (Achan): Defined as "troublesome," Achan is a descendant of **Zerah** whose story is a pivotal moment for Israel. He committed a trespass in the accursed thing, leading to national consequences [[Joshua 7:1]].
* `{{H4604}}` **maʻal** (trespass): This word, meaning "treachery, i.e. sin," describes the specific act committed by Achan, the son of **Zerah**. His trespass illustrates a grievous sin against God's direct command [[Joshua 22:20]].
* `{{H4940}}` **mishpâchâh** (family): This term for a "family, i.e. circle of relatives" is used to classify the descendants of **Zerah** into the family of the Zarhites, highlighting the importance of lineage in the biblical record [[Numbers 26:20]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight associated with the name `{{H2226}}` is primarily seen through the narratives of those who bear it or descend from it.
* **Generational Sin and Consequence:** The story of Achan, a descendant of **Zerah**, powerfully illustrates how the trespass `{{H4604}}` of one individual can bring divine wrath `{{H7110}}` upon an entire community. The record emphasizes that he did not perish "alone in his iniquity" `{{H5771}}`, teaching a lesson on corporate responsibility [[Joshua 22:20]].
* **Establishment of Lineage:** **Zerah** is a foundational name for tracing lines of descent, particularly within the tribe of Judah [[Genesis 46:12]]. This lineage is significant as it forms one of the primary families of the tribe from which kings and, ultimately, the Messiah would come.
* **Divine Sovereignty in Battle:** The account of **Zerah** the Ethiopian demonstrates God's power to deliver His people from an overwhelming enemy. The defeat of his army serves as a historical testament to God's protection over Judah [[2 Chronicles 14:9]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H2226}}` is more than just a name; it is a genealogical anchor in the biblical text. It marks the origin of a major family in Judah, serves as the ancestral link to the cautionary tale of Achan's sin, and identifies a foreign aggressor whose defeat magnified the power of God. Through these different figures, the name **Zerah** is woven into narratives of lineage, transgression, and divine deliverance.
TRV