The Hebrew word zikrôwn, represented by H2146, is derived from the root H2142 zâkar and denotes a memento, memorial, or record. It is a memorable thing, day, or writing intended to aid in remembrance. It appears 24 times across 22 unique verses, highlighting its role in establishing lasting commemoration in the life of Israel.
In biblical narratives, H2146 is used to signify various forms of remembrance. It can be a sacred observance, such as the Passover, which is designated as a memorial day to be kept as a feast throughout the generations Exodus 12:14. It is also used for physical objects that serve as reminders, like the stones on the ephod Exodus 28:12 and the stones taken from the Jordan, which are to be a memorial to the children of Israel for ever Joshua 4:7. Furthermore, the term refers to written documents, such as the "book of remembrance" written for those who feared the LORD Malachi 3:16 and the "book of records" read before the king Esther 6:1.
Several related words help clarify the concept of remembrance:
- H2142 zâkar: As the root verb, it means to remember or to mention. A zikrôwn is the tool or occasion that causes one to zâkar, as seen in the offering of memorial that brings iniquity to remembrance Numbers 5:15.
- H2143 zêker: This noun also means memorial, memory, or remembrance. It is used alongside zikrôwn in the command to write a memorial (zikrôwn) of the war with Amalek, whose remembrance (zêker) God would utterly put out Exodus 17:14.
- H226 'ôwth: Meaning a sign or token, this word often describes a visible mark of a covenant or event. It is used in parallel with zikrôwn to describe the keeping of the law as a sign upon the hand and a memorial between the eyes Exodus 13:9.
- H5612 çêpher: This word for book or scroll is directly linked to zikrôwn when remembrance is to be codified in writing. God instructs Moses to write a memorial in a book Exodus 17:14, and a book of remembrance is written for the faithful Malachi 3:16.
The theological importance of H2146 is centered on maintaining the covenant relationship between God and Israel.
- Divine Remembrance: Many memorials are established "before the LORD" (Exodus 28:29, Numbers 31:54). The names of Israel on the priest's shoulders are a memorial Exodus 28:12, and trumpets are blown over offerings to be a memorial before God Numbers 10:10. This suggests these acts serve to bring Israel to God's attention.
- Covenant Perpetuity: Memorials ensure that God's works are not forgotten over time. The Passover is an ordinance for ever Exodus 12:14, and the stones of the Jordan crossing are a memorial for ever Joshua 4:7, linking future generations to God's redemptive history.
- Atonement and Warning: The atonement money serves as a memorial before the LORD to make an atonement for souls Exodus 30:16. Conversely, the censers from Korah's rebellion are made into a memorial to warn against approaching God unlawfully Numbers 16:40.
In summary, H2146 zikrôwn is far more than a passive memory. It is an active, tangible reminder established through festivals, objects, offerings, and written texts. It serves to keep God's commands and foundational acts of salvation perpetually present before both the people and God Himself. Whether as a comforting sign of God's faithfulness or a solemn warning against disobedience, the memorial is a cornerstone of Israel's covenant life, ensuring that the past remains a living reality for every generation.
TRV