### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **zᵉvâʻâh**, represented by `{{H2113}}`, denotes **agitation, fear, trouble, or vexation**. It appears **6 times** across **6 unique verses**. The term is closely related to `{{H2189}}` **zaʻăvâh**, and often signifies being removed or subjected to trouble as a consequence of divine judgment.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{H2113}}` is predominantly used in the context of divine judgment. The Lord declares through Jeremiah that the people of Judah will be made a **zᵉvâʻâh** ("to be removed") into all the kingdoms of the earth because of their disobedience [[Jeremiah 34:17]]. This removal is consistently linked with other calamities such as the **sword** `{{H2719}}`, **famine** `{{H7458}}`, and **pestilence** `{{H1698}}`, and results in them becoming a **reproach** `{{H2781}}` and a **curse** `{{H423}}` among the nations ([[Jeremiah 29:18]], [[Jeremiah 24:9]]). In 2 Chronicles, the **wrath** `{{H7110}}` of the Lord delivered Judah and Jerusalem to **trouble** `{{H2113}}` [[2 Chronicles 29:8]]. A unique application is found in Isaiah, where the understanding of a report becomes a **vexation** `{{H2113}}` [[Isaiah 28:19]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words expand upon the concepts of divine judgment and agitation:
* `{{H2189}}` **zaʻăvâh** (agitation, maltreatment): A word used by transposition for `{{H2113}}`, it carries the same meaning of being removed or subjected to trouble. It appears alongside `{{H2113}}` in prophetic warnings, emphasizing the severity of being scattered among kingdoms ([[Jeremiah 15:4]], [[2 Chronicles 29:8]]).
* `{{H7110}}` **qetseph** (wrath): This term describes the divine indignation that precipitates the judgment of `{{H2113}}`. The **wrath** of the LORD is the direct cause for delivering Judah and Jerusalem to **trouble** [[2 Chronicles 29:8]].
* `{{H5080}}` **nâdach** (banish, drive away): This verb describes the action of being scattered, which is the consequence often associated with `{{H2113}}`. God warns that the people will be **driven** to other nations, where they will become a reproach [[Jeremiah 29:18]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H2113}}` is centered on the consequences of disobedience and the visible nature of divine judgment.
* **A Sign of Broken Covenant:** The state of **zᵉvâʻâh** is presented as a direct result of Israel's failure to uphold their covenant with God. This is explicitly tied to the sins of King Manasseh [[Jeremiah 15:4]] and the people's failure to proclaim liberty to their brothers [[Jeremiah 34:17]].
* **Public Display of Judgment:** To be made a **zᵉvâʻâh** was to become a public spectacle of God's judgment. The people were to be delivered up to become a **reproach** `{{H2781}}`, a **proverb** `{{H4912}}`, and a **taunt** `{{H8148}}` among all nations, a tangible warning for all to see [[Jeremiah 24:9]].
* **Internal and External Turmoil:** The term encompasses more than just physical displacement. It denotes a profound state of agitation and fear. The use of the word as **vexation** in [[Isaiah 28:19]] reveals an inner turmoil and dread that accompanies God's judgment, where even understanding the message brings terror.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H2113}}` **zᵉvâʻâh** is a powerful term for agitation, trouble, and vexation, most often expressed as a terrifying removal and scattering. It functions almost exclusively as a descriptor of divine judgment for covenant unfaithfulness. The word illustrates how God's discipline can manifest as both a physical displacement to all kingdoms of the earth and an internal state of deep-seated fear and trouble.
TRV