### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Aramaic word **zûwd**, represented by `{{H2103}}`, defines the concept of acting **in pride**. It is a rare term, appearing only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the Bible. It describes a state of being proud, particularly in a context of defiance or arrogance that leads to a downfall.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole appearance of `{{H2103}}` is in [[Daniel 5:20]], recounting the judgment on King Nebuchadnezzar. The text states that when the king's heart was lifted up and his mind hardened **in pride** `{{H2103}}`, he was deposed from his throne and stripped of his glory. This singular use firmly links the word to the arrogance that precedes divine judgment and the loss of status and honor.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several words found alongside `{{H2103}}` in its only context help to illustrate the nature of pride:
* `{{H7313}}` **rûwm** (to be high actively, to rise or raise): This word describes the action of the heart being "lifted up" [[Daniel 5:20]], indicating a self-exaltation that is a precursor to acting in pride. It is also used when Nebuchadnezzar praises and "extols" God after his humiliation [[Daniel 4:37]].
* `{{H3825}}` **lᵉbab** (the heart): Pride is shown to originate in the **heart**, the seat of inner being. The state of Nebuchadnezzar's **heart** is directly connected to his downfall [[Daniel 5:20]] and is contrasted with a humbled **heart** [[Daniel 5:22]].
* `{{H8631}}` **tᵉqêph** (to become mighty or obstinate; harden): This term describes the mind becoming "hardened" or strong in its pride. It can also refer to growing strong in a positive sense, as when Nebuchadnezzar's greatness grew [[Daniel 4:22]], but in the context of pride, it implies obstinacy.
* `{{H3367}}` **yᵉqâr** (glory, honour): This is what is lost as a direct result of pride. God gave Nebuchadnezzar **glory** [[Daniel 5:18]], but it was taken from him when his heart was lifted up [[Daniel 5:20]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H2103}}` is concentrated in its single, powerful usage:
* **Pride as Inner Rebellion:** The word is tied directly to the state of the **heart** `{{H3825}}` being "lifted up" `{{H7313}}` and the **mind** `{{H7308}}` being "hardened" `{{H8631}}`. This shows pride not just as an action, but as an internal condition of self-exaltation against God [[Daniel 5:20]].
* **Forfeiture of Glory:** Acting "in pride" leads to the removal of divinely-given **glory** `{{H3367}}` and authority. The glory Nebuchadnezzar possessed was a gift from God, and his pride resulted in its loss [[Daniel 5:20]].
* **Cause for Divine Judgment:** The narrative of [[Daniel 5:20]] presents pride as the direct cause for a king being deposed from his throne. It serves as a clear illustration of divine judgment against human arrogance.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H2103}}` provides a sharp and focused definition of pride's consequences. Though it appears only once, its placement in the narrative of [[Daniel 5:20]] makes it a pivotal term. It illustrates that pride is a condition of a hardened heart and lifted-up mind that results in being humbled by God and stripped of all glory and power.
TRV