from Α (as a negative particle) and δόκιμος; unapproved, i.e. rejected; by implication, worthless (literally or morally):--castaway, rejected, reprobate.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **ἀδόκιμος (adókimos)**, represented by `{{G96}}`, is formed from a negative particle and the word for "approved." It means unapproved, rejected, or worthless, either literally or morally. It is found **8 times** in **8 unique verses** and is translated as **castaway**, **rejected**, or **reprobate**.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{G96}}` describes a state of failing a test or being found wanting. Paul uses it to express his own need for discipline, lest after he has **preached** `{{G2784}}` to others, he himself should become a **castaway** [[1 Corinthians 9:27]]. The term is also used to describe those who, by their own choice, did not like to retain God in their knowledge and were consequently given over by God to a **reprobate** mind [[Romans 1:28]]. It can refer to land that is **rejected** because it only **beareth** `{{G1627}}` thorns and **briers** `{{G5146}}`, signifying its worthlessness and destiny for **burning** `{{G2740}}` [[Hebrews 6:8]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning of `{{G96}}` by providing a contrast or context:
* `{{G1384}}` **dókimos**: This is the direct opposite of `adókimos`, meaning **approved** or tried. It describes one who has successfully passed the test, such as a workman who shows himself **approved** unto God [[2 Timothy 2:15]].
* `{{G1381}}` **dokimázō**: This verb means to test or **approve**. It describes the process by which something is determined to be either approved or unapproved. Believers are called to **prove** what is the will of God [[Romans 12:2]] and to **examine** themselves, lest they be **reprobates** `{{G96}}` [[2 Corinthians 13:5]].
* `{{G720}}` **arnéomai**: Meaning to **deny** or reject, this action is associated with a reprobate state. In [[Titus 1:16]], those who profess to know God but **deny** him by their works are described as **disobedient** `{{G545}}` and **reprobate** `{{G96}}`.
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G96}}` is significant, highlighting the serious nature of spiritual authenticity and judgment.
* **The Test of Faith:** The word is fundamentally linked to the concept of testing. Believers are commanded to **examine** `{{G3985}}` themselves to ensure they are in the faith, as the alternative is to be **reprobates** [[2 Corinthians 13:5]]. This connects genuine faith with passing a spiritual test.
* **Divine Rejection:** The term can describe a judicial act of God. When people **resist** `{{G436}}` the truth and have **corrupt** `{{G2704}}` minds, they are **reprobate** concerning the faith [[2 Timothy 3:8]]. In a more severe sense, God **gave** `{{G3860}}` people over to a **reprobate** mind as a consequence of their rejection of Him [[Romans 1:28]].
* **Consequence of Unfruitfulness:** Being `adókimos` is associated with a lack of good works. Those who are **disobedient** `{{G545}}` are described as "unto every good work **reprobate**" [[Titus 1:16]], indicating that their unapproved state is demonstrated by their actions.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G96}}` is more than a simple term for worthlessness; it signifies being "unapproved" after a crucial examination. It serves as a solemn warning throughout the New Testament about the danger of a superficial faith, moral corruption, and resisting God's truth. The word challenges believers to maintain self-discipline and to prove their faith through genuine works, lest they be found rejected or become a **castaway**.
TRV