The Greek word ádikos, represented by G94, defines what is unjust or unrighteous. Appearing 12 times across 11 unique verses, it describes a state of being wicked, treacherous, or in opposition to what is right. It is formed from a negative particle combined with the root for justice, literally meaning "not just."
In scripture, G94 is used to establish a clear moral and spiritual distinction. It describes those who will not inherit the kingdom of God 1 Corinthians 6:9 and is often contrasted with the "just." For instance, God sends rain on both the just and the unjust Matthew 5:45, and there will be a resurrection for both groups Acts 24:15. The word is also used to characterize worldly wealth as "unrighteous mammon" Luke 16:11 and to affirm God's character by stating that He is not unrighteous Hebrews 6:10. In a parable, one who is unjust in a small matter is considered unjust in much Luke 16:10.
Several related words provide a fuller understanding of justice and its absence:
- G93 adikía (iniquity, unjust, unrighteousness, wrong): This noun form refers to the quality or act of injustice. It is used in Romans 3:5, where human unrighteousness is contrasted with the righteousness of God.
- G1342 díkaios (just, meet, right(-eous)): As the direct antonym of ádikos, this word describes what is equitable and right. The contrast is made clear in 1 Peter 3:18, where Christ, the just, suffered for the unjust.
- G1343 dikaiosýnē (righteousness): This term represents the concept of equity and justification. It appears in Romans 3:5, where God's righteousness is commended even in light of human unrighteousness.
The theological significance of G94 is profound, as it clarifies key concepts of sin, judgment, and redemption.
- Moral Condition: The term defines a state of being that is contrary to God's nature. A Pharisee, praying to God, thanks Him for not being like other men who are extortioners or unjust Luke 18:11.
- Divine Judgment: The unjust are reserved for the day of judgment to be punished 2 Peter 2:9, and they face a future resurrection alongside the just Acts 24:15. This establishes a universal accountability before God.
- Exclusion and Atonement: Being unrighteous disqualifies one from inheriting the kingdom of God 1 Corinthians 6:9. However, this separation is addressed through Christ's death, who as the "just for the unjust," acted to bring humanity to God 1 Peter 3:18.
In summary, G94 is more than a simple descriptor of unfairness. It is a critical biblical term that defines the moral state of those alienated from God's standard of righteousness. It establishes a fundamental contrast between the just and the unjust, highlighting the consequences of sin while also framing the necessity of Christ's atoning work to reconcile humanity to a just God.
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