The Greek word árotron, represented by G723, refers to a plough. It is derived from a word meaning "to till". This term appears only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the entire Bible, yet it carries significant metaphorical weight about the nature of discipleship.
The sole appearance of árotron is in Luke 9:62, where Jesus G2424 uses it in a powerful analogy. He said G2036, "No man G3762, having put G1911 his G846 hand G5495 to G1909 the plough G723, and G2532 looking G991 back G1519G3694, is G2076 fit G2111 for G1519 the kingdom G932 of God G2316." This statement establishes the plough not as a mere farming tool, but as a symbol of commitment to the work of God's kingdom.
Several related words clarify the meaning of this single, impactful verse:
- G1911 epibállō (to put, lay on): This verb describes the initial act of commitment, "to throw upon (literal or figurative...); to lay (on), put (unto)". It is used elsewhere to describe Herod stretching forth his hands to vex the church Acts 12:1.
- G3694 opísō (back): This word signifies the place one is tempted to look toward, meaning "to the back... behind". Its use in the context of discipleship warns against returning to a former way of life, as seen in the call to "come after me" Matthew 16:24.
- G2111 eúthetos (fit): This term describes the required state for service in the kingdom, meaning "well placed, i.e. (figuratively) appropriate:--fit, meet." In another context, it describes land that brings forth "meet" herbs for them by whom it is dressed Hebrews 6:7.
The theological weight of G723 is concentrated in its single appearance, highlighting critical aspects of Christian discipleship.
- Irrevocable Commitment: The act of putting one's hand G5495 to the plough G723 illustrates a decisive, forward-moving commitment. It is an action that initiates a task that requires undivided attention until completion.
- The Danger of a Divided Focus: Jesus's warning that looking back G3694 makes a person unfit is a stark reminder that a divided heart or allegiance to the past is incompatible with service in the kingdom G932 of God G2316.
- Suitability for the Kingdom: The concept of being fit G2111 is the central lesson. It is not about inherent worth, but about a posture of unwavering, forward-looking focus. Distraction and nostalgia render one unsuitable for the task at hand.
In summary, árotron G723 provides a vivid and lasting image for understanding the demands of discipleship. Though it appears only once, the picture of the plough is used by Jesus to teach an unforgettable lesson: commitment to the kingdom of God requires total, forward-looking dedication. Looking back is not merely a mistake but an action that makes one unfit for the sacred calling.
TRV