### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word `{{G704}}` ἀρήν (arḗn) is a noun referring to a "lamb," specifically with an implication of a male lamb. The base definition notes its potential connection to ἄῤῥην (arrhēn), meaning "male," which reinforces this nuance. Unlike some other terms for sheep or lambs, arḗn appears to carry a straightforward, literal meaning of the animal itself, often highlighting its youth, innocence, or vulnerability. Its semantic range within the New Testament is quite narrow, given its singular occurrence.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term `{{G704}}` ἀρήν (arḗn) appears only once in the New Testament, in the Gospel of Luke:
* **[[Luke 10:3]]**: "Go your way; behold, I send you forth as lambs among wolves."
In this powerful metaphor, Jesus addresses the seventy-two disciples whom He is sending out on their mission. The disciples are characterized as "lambs" (arḗn), a poignant image conveying their vulnerability, defenselessness, and perhaps their innocence in the face of the hostile world. This portrayal stands in stark contrast to the "wolves," which symbolize the dangers, opposition, and predatory forces they will encounter. The use of arḗn here emphasizes the inherent weakness of the disciples in human terms, underscoring their complete reliance on divine protection and provision as they proclaim the kingdom of God. The image evokes a sense of peril and the need for courage and trust in their Sender.
### Related Words & Concepts
To fully appreciate `{{G704}}` ἀρήν (arḗn), it is helpful to consider related Greek and Hebrew terms:
* `{{G286}}` ἀμνός (amnos): This is the more common and theologically significant Greek word for "lamb" in the New Testament. It is notably used by John the Baptist to identify Jesus as the "Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world" ([[John 1:29]], [[John 1:36]]) and is central to the imagery of Christ's sacrificial atonement in Revelation ([[Revelation 5:6]], [[Revelation 7:17]]). Unlike arḗn, amnos carries profound sacrificial and redemptive connotations.
* `{{G4263}}` πρόβατον (probaton): This is a general term for "sheep" and is frequently used to describe the followers of Christ as His flock ([[John 10:1-18]], [[Matthew 25:32]]). It emphasizes the relationship between the shepherd and his sheep.
* In the Old Testament, several Hebrew words relate to lambs:
* `{{H3532}}` כֶּבֶשׂ (keves): A male lamb, often specified for various sacrifices in the Mosaic Law.
* `{{H7716}}` שֶׂה (seh): A general term for a lamb or kid, frequently used in the context of the Passover lamb ([[Exodus 12:3]]).
The concept of lambs in biblical thought often evokes innocence, purity, vulnerability, and suitability for sacrifice. While arḗn highlights vulnerability, it does not carry the sacrificial weight seen with amnos or the Old Testament sacrificial lambs.
### Theological Significance
The single use of `{{G704}}` ἀρήν (arḗn) in [[Luke 10:3]] carries specific theological weight, distinct from the broader "Lamb of God" theology associated with `{{G286}}` ἀμνός (amnos).
* **The Vulnerability of the Messenger:** Jesus's statement powerfully illustrates the inherent vulnerability of His disciples as they engage in kingdom work. They are not sent as warriors or conquerors, but as "lambs," signifying their dependence on divine power rather than their own strength or worldly might. This emphasizes a core principle of Christian mission: reliance on God in the face of overwhelming opposition.
* **The Nature of the World:** The contrast with "wolves" highlights the pervasive evil and hostility present in the world, which actively opposes the message of the Gospel and those who proclaim it. This serves as a realistic assessment of the spiritual battle disciples are called to enter.
* **Call to Trust and Dependence:** Implicit in the metaphor is a call for the disciples to trust completely in Jesus, who sends them. Their safety and success are not predicated on their ability to defend themselves against wolves, but on the protection and guidance of their Shepherd. This underscores the theological principle of divine sovereignty and providence in the lives and ministries of believers.
### Summary
`{{G704}}` ἀρήν (arḗn) is a rare Greek term for a "lamb," specifically implying a male lamb. Its sole occurrence in the New Testament, in [[Luke 10:3]], serves as a potent metaphor where Jesus sends His disciples "as lambs among wolves." This usage emphasizes the profound vulnerability and defenselessness of the messengers of the Gospel in a hostile world, contrasting sharply with the predatory nature of their opposition. Unlike `{{G286}}` ἀμνός (amnos), which is central to Christ's identity as the sacrificial Lamb of God, arḗn focuses on the precarious position of the disciples, underscoring their absolute reliance on divine protection and empowering them to trust in the One who sends them despite the dangers.
TRV