ἀποτινάσσω

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word apotinássō, represented by G660, is derived from ἀπό (apó) and a root meaning "to jostle." It carries the direct meaning of to brush off or shake off. It appears only 2 times in 2 unique verses, making each occurrence highly specific in its application.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

The two uses of G660 in scripture illustrate distinct, powerful actions. In Luke 9:5, disciples are instructed that if a city will not receive G1209 them, they are to shake off the dust from their feet G4228 as a testimony against that place when they go out. In Acts 28:5, after a beast fastens onto his hand, Paul shook off the creature into the fire and miraculously "felt no harm."

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words clarify the context and meaning of apotinássō:

• G575 apó (off, from): As a component of G660, this word denotes separation and departure. This idea of separation is seen when believers are called to depart from iniquity 2 Timothy 2:19 or when a heart is far from God Mark 7:6.
• G1209 déchomai (to receive): The action of shaking off dust in Luke 9:5 is a direct response to not being received. This word is often used for accepting the word of God Acts 17:11 or a person, such as a prophet Matthew 10:41.
• G1831 exérchomai (to go out, depart): This word is used in Luke 9:5 to describe the disciples leaving the city. The act of shaking off the dust is linked to this departure, as when believers are told to come out from among them 2 Corinthians 6:17.
• G4228 poús (a foot): This word is directly connected to the physical action described in Luke 9:5. Feet are significant in scripture, associated with carrying the gospel of peace Romans 10:15 and being guided into the way of peace Luke 1:79.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of G660 is seen in its portrayal of decisive action and separation.

• Symbol of Rejection and Testimony: The command to shake off the dust from the feet G4228 is more than a simple act of cleaning; it serves as a "testimony against them" Luke 9:5. It signifies a complete severing of fellowship with those who reject the message.
• Repudiation of Harm: In Acts 28:5, to shake off the beast is to reject and nullify a physical threat. The act demonstrates divine protection and authority over forces that would cause harm, resulting in Paul feeling "no harm".
• Active Separation: The word itself, built from apó G575, implies a deliberate removal. Whether casting off the dust of an unreceptive city or a dangerous animal, the action is one of forceful and final separation.

Summary

In summary, G660 is a potent word of action, signifying a decisive and complete separation. Though it appears only twice, its uses in scripture are powerful: one as a symbolic gesture of judgment against those who will not receive G1209 God's messengers, and the other as a literal act of casting off physical danger. It vividly illustrates themes of rejection, divine authority, and the definitive act of brushing something away.