### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **apotinássō**, represented by `{{G660}}`, is derived from ἀπό (apó) and a root meaning "to jostle." It carries the direct meaning of to **brush off** or **shake off**. It appears only **2 times** in **2 unique verses**, making each occurrence highly specific in its application.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The two uses of `{{G660}}` in scripture illustrate distinct, powerful actions. In [[Luke 9:5]], disciples are instructed that if a city will not **receive** `{{G1209}}` them, they are to **shake off** the dust from their **feet** `{{G4228}}` as a testimony against that place when they go out. In [[Acts 28:5]], after a beast fastens onto his hand, Paul **shook off** the creature into the fire and miraculously "felt no harm."
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words clarify the context and meaning of **apotinássō**:
* `{{G575}}` **apó** (off, from): As a component of `{{G660}}`, this word denotes separation and departure. This idea of separation is seen when believers are called to **depart from** iniquity [[2 Timothy 2:19]] or when a heart is **far from** God [[Mark 7:6]].
* `{{G1209}}` **déchomai** (to receive): The action of shaking off dust in [[Luke 9:5]] is a direct response to not being **received**. This word is often used for accepting the word of God [[Acts 17:11]] or a person, such as a prophet [[Matthew 10:41]].
* `{{G1831}}` **exérchomai** (to go out, depart): This word is used in [[Luke 9:5]] to describe the disciples leaving the city. The act of shaking off the dust is linked to this departure, as when believers are told to **come out** from among them [[2 Corinthians 6:17]].
* `{{G4228}}` **poús** (a foot): This word is directly connected to the physical action described in [[Luke 9:5]]. **Feet** are significant in scripture, associated with carrying the gospel of peace [[Romans 10:15]] and being guided into the way of peace [[Luke 1:79]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G660}}` is seen in its portrayal of decisive action and separation.
* **Symbol of Rejection and Testimony:** The command to **shake off** the dust from the **feet** `{{G4228}}` is more than a simple act of cleaning; it serves as a "testimony against them" [[Luke 9:5]]. It signifies a complete severing of fellowship with those who reject the message.
* **Repudiation of Harm:** In [[Acts 28:5]], to **shake off** the beast is to reject and nullify a physical threat. The act demonstrates divine protection and authority over forces that would cause harm, resulting in Paul feeling "no harm".
* **Active Separation:** The word itself, built from **apó** `{{G575}}`, implies a deliberate removal. Whether casting off the dust of an unreceptive city or a dangerous animal, the action is one of forceful and final separation.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G660}}` is a potent word of action, signifying a decisive and complete separation. Though it appears only twice, its uses in scripture are powerful: one as a symbolic gesture of judgment against those who will not **receive** `{{G1209}}` God's messengers, and the other as a literal act of casting off physical danger. It vividly illustrates themes of rejection, divine authority, and the definitive act of brushing something away.
TRV